serverless/docs/sf/providers/aws/guide/appsync/resolvers.md

Resolvers

All the Resolvers in your AppSync API can be found in serverless.yml under the appSync.resolvers property.

Resolvers are defined using key-value pairs where the key can either be an arbitrary name for the resolver or the type and field in the schema it is attached to separated with a dot (.), and the value is the configuration of the resolver.

Quick start

appSync:
  resolvers:
    Query.user:
      dataSource: myDataSource

    getPosts:
      type: Query
      field: getPosts
      dataSource: myDataSource

Configuration

• type: The Type in the schema this resolver is attached to. Optional if specified in the configuration key.
• field: The Field in the schema this resolver is attached to. Optional if specified in the configuration key.
• kind: The kind of resolver. Can be UNIT or PIPELINE (see below). Defaults to PIPELINE
• dataSource: The name of the dataSource this resolver uses.
• functions: For pipeline resolvers (see below) the array of functions to run in sequence
• maxBatchSize: The maximum batch size to use (only available for AWS Lambda DataSources)
• code: The path of the JavaScript resolver handler file, relative to serverless.yml. If not specified, a minimalistic default is used.
• request: The path to the VTL request mapping template file, relative to serverless.yml.
• response: The path to the VTL response mapping template file, relative to serverless.yml.
• substitutions: See Variable Substitutions. Deprecated: Use environment variables instead.
• caching: See below
• sync: See SyncConfig

JavaScript, VTL, or Direct Lambda

When code is specified, the JavaScript runtime is used.

When request and/or response are specified, the VTL runtime is used.

For direct lambda, set kind to UNIT and don't specify request, response or code. This only works with Lambda function data sources.

If nothing is specified, by default, the resolver is a PIPELINE JavaScript resolver, and the following minimalistic code is used for the before and after handlers.

export function request() {
  return {};
}

export function response(ctx) {
  return ctx.prev.result;
}

Example of a UNIT JavaScript resolver.

appSync:
  resolvers:
    Query.user:
      kind: UNIT
      dataSource: myDataSource
      code: getUser.js

Bundling

AppSync requires resolvers to be bundled in one single file. By default, the Framework bundles your code with esbuild, using the given path as the entry point.

This means that you can import external libraries and utilities. e.g.

import { Context, util } from '@aws-appsync/utils';
import { generateUpdateExpressions, updateItem } from '../lib/helpers';

export function request(ctx) {
  const { id, ...post } = ctx.args.post;

  const item = updateItem(post);

  return {
    operation: 'UpdateItem',
    key: {
      id: util.dynamodb.toDynamoDB(id),
    },
    update: generateUpdateExpressions(item),
    condition: {
      expression: 'attribute_exists(#id)',
      expressionNames: {
        '#id': 'id',
      },
    },
  };
}

export function response(ctx: Context) {
  return ctx.result;
}

For more information, also see the esbuild option.

TypeScript support

You can write JS resolver in TypeScript. Resolver files with the .ts extension are automatically transpiled and bundled using esbuild.

resolvers:
  Query.user:
    kind: UNIT
    dataSource: 'users'
    code: 'getUser.ts'

// getUser.ts
import { Context, util } from '@aws-appsync/utils';

export function request(ctx: Context) {
  const {
    args: { id },
  } = ctx;
  return {
    operation: 'GetItem',
    key: util.dynamodb.toMapValues({ id }),
  };
}

export function response(ctx: Context) {
  return ctx.result;
}

For more information, also see the esbuild option.

PIPELINE resolvers

When kind is PIPELINE, you can specify the pipeline function names to use:

appSync:
  pipelineFunctions:
    function1:
      dataSource: myDataSource
    function2:
      dataSource: myDataSource

  resolvers:
    Query.user:
      functions:
        - function1
        - function2

Inline DataSources

If a DataSource is only used in one single resolver, you can also define it inline in the resolver configuration. This is often the case for Lambda resolvers.

You can even also define the Lambda function definition inline under the dataSource definition. This helps keep everything in one single place!

appSync:
  resolvers:
    Query.user:
      kind: UNIT
      dataSource:
        type: 'AWS_LAMBDA'
        config:
          function:
            timeout: 30
            handler: 'functions/getUser.handler'

Inline function definitions

If a Pipeline function is only used in a single resolver, you can also define it inline in the resolver configuration.

appSync:
  resolvers:
    Query.user:
      functions:
        - dataSource: 'users'
          code: 'getUser.js'

Caching

Query.user:
  dataSource: myDataSource
  caching:
    ttl: 60
    keys:
      - '$context.arguments.id'

You can either pass true which will use the global TTL (See the global caching configuration) and no keys.

You can also customize each resolver using the following config:

• ttl: The TTL of the cache for this resolver in seconds
• keys: An array of keys to use for the cache.

Organize your resolvers

You can define your data sources into several files for organizational reasons. You can pass each file into the dataSources attribute as an array.

resolvers:
  - ${file(appsync/resolvers/users.yml)}
  - ${file(appsync/resolvers/posts.yml)}