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title: Serverless Framework - AWS Lambda Guide - Credentials
menuText: Credentials
menuOrder: 3
description: How to set up the Serverless Framework with your Amazon Web Services credentials
layout: Doc
-->

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### [Read this on the main serverless docs site](https://www.serverless.com/framework/docs/providers/aws/guide/credentials)

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# AWS - Credentials

The Serverless Framework needs access to your cloud provider account so that it can create and manage resources on your behalf.

This guide is for the Amazon Web Services (AWS) provider, so we'll step through the process of setting up credentials for AWS and using them with Serverless.

## Sign up for an AWS account

If you already have an AWS account, skip to the next step to [create an IAM User and Access Key](#create-an-iam-user-and-access-key)

To create an AWS account:

1. Open https://aws.amazon.com/, and then choose Create an AWS Account.
2. Follow the online instructions.

- Part of the sign-up procedure involves receiving a phone call and entering a PIN using the phone keypad.

Note your AWS account ID, because you'll need it for the next task.

All AWS users get access to the Free Tier for [AWS Lambda](https://aws.amazon.com/lambda/pricing/). AWS Lambda is part of the non-expiring [AWS Free Tier](https://aws.amazon.com/free/#AWS_FREE_TIER). While in the AWS Free Tier, you can build an entire application on AWS Lambda, AWS API Gateway, and more, without getting charged for one year or longer, in some cases, as long as you don't exceed the resources in the free tier.

If you're new to Amazon Web Services, make sure you put in a credit card. If you don't have a credit card set up, you may not be able to deploy your resources and you may run into this error:

```
AWS Access Key Id needs a subscription for the service
```

## Create an IAM User and Access Key

### Leveraging AWS Access Roles in the Serverless Framework Dashboard

You can use the Serverless Framework Dashboard to set up an AWS Access Role to help you secure your service deployments on AWS by enabling the Serverless Framework to issue temporary AWS Access Keys to deploy your services to AWS.

With AWS Access Roles, AWS Access Keys are generated by Serverless Framework on every command and the credentials expire after one hour. The Serverless Framework leverages AWS Security Token Service and the AssumeRole API to automate creating and usage of temporary credentials.

Follow these instructions to [set up an AWS Access Role](https://serverless.com/framework/docs/dashboard/access-roles/)

### Creating AWS Access Keys

If you do not wish to use the Serverless Framework Dashboard to set up an AWS Access Role, then you will need to configure your Serverless Framework open source CLI to use the AWS Access Keys stored in [environment variables](https://serverless.com/framework/docs/providers/aws/guide/credentials/) or [AWS Profiles](https://serverless.com/framework/docs/providers/aws/guide/credentials/).

[Watch the video guide on setting up credentials](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KngM5bfpttA)

Services in AWS, such as [AWS Lambda](https://serverless.com/aws-lambda/), require that you provide credentials when you access them to ensure that you have permission to access the resources owned by that service. To accomplish this AWS recommends that you use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM).

Follow these steps to create an IAM user for the Serverless Framework:

1. Login to your AWS account and go to the Identity & Access Management (IAM) page.

2. Click on **Users** and then **Add user**. Enter a name in the first field to remind you this User is related to the Serverless Framework, like `serverless-admin`. Enable **Programmatic access** by clicking the checkbox. Click **Next** to go through to the Permissions page. Click on **Attach existing policies directly**. Search for and select **AdministratorAccess** then click **Next: Review**. Check to make sure everything looks good and click **Create user**.

3. View and copy the **API Key** & **Secret** to a temporary place. You'll need it in the next step.

Note that the above steps grant the Serverless Framework administrative access to your account. While this makes things simple when you are just starting out, we recommend that you create and use more fine grained permissions once you determine the scope of your serverless applications and move them into production.

To limit the Serverless Framework’s access your AWS account, follow these steps to **create an IAM User** and attach a custom JSON file policy to your new IAM User. This IAM User will have its own set of AWS Access Keys.

1. Login to your AWS Account and go to the Identity & Access Management (IAM) page.

2. Click on **Users** and then **Add user**. Enter a name in the first field to remind you this User is related to the Service you are deploying with the Serverless Framework, like `serverless-servicename-agent`. Enable **Programmatic access** by clicking the checkbox. Click **Next** to go through to the Permissions page. Click on **Create policy**. Select the **JSON** tab, and add a JSON file. You can use [this gist](https://gist.github.com/ServerlessBot/7618156b8671840a539f405dea2704c8) as a guide.

When you are finished, select **Review policy**. You can assign this policy a **Name** and **Description**, then choose **Create Policy**. Check to make sure everything looks good and click **Create user**. Later, you can create different IAM Users for different apps and different stages of those apps. That is, if you don't use separate AWS accounts for stages/apps, which is most common.

3. View and copy the **API Key** & **Secret** to a temporary place. You'll need it in the next step.

### Using AWS Access Keys

You can configure the Serverless Framework to use your AWS **API Key** & **Secret** in two ways:

#### Quick Setup

As a quick setup to get started you can export them as environment variables so they would be accessible to Serverless and the AWS SDK in your shell:

```bash
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<your-key-here>
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<your-secret-key-here>
# AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY are now available for serverless to use
serverless deploy

# 'export' command is valid only for unix shells. In Windows - use 'set' instead of 'export'
```

**Please note:** _If you are using a self-signed certificate you'll need to do one of the following:_

```bash
# String example:
# if using the 'ca' variable, your certificate contents should replace the newline character with '\n'
export ca="-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----...-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
# or multiple, comma separated
export ca="-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----...-----END CERTIFICATE-----,-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----...-----END CERTIFICATE-----"

# File example:
# if using the 'cafile' variable, your certificate contents should not contain '\n'
export cafile="/path/to/cafile.pem"
# or multiple, comma separated
export cafile="/path/to/cafile1.pem,/path/to/cafile2.pem"


# 'export' command is valid only for unix shells. In Windows - use 'set' instead of 'export'
```

#### Using AWS Profiles

For a more permanent solution you can also set up credentials through AWS profiles. Here are different methods you can use to do so.

##### Setup with `serverless config credentials` command

Serverless provides a convenient way to configure AWS profiles with the help of the `serverless config credentials` command.

Here's an example how you can configure the `default` AWS profile:

```bash
serverless config credentials --provider aws --key AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE --secret wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
```

Take a look at the [`config` CLI reference](../cli-reference/config-credentials.md) for more information about credential configuration.

##### Setup with the `aws-cli`

To set them up through the `aws-cli` [install it first](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/installing.html) then run `aws configure` [to configure the aws-cli and credentials](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-getting-started.html):

```bash
$ aws configure
AWS Access Key ID [None]: AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
AWS Secret Access Key [None]: wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY
Default region name [None]: us-west-2
Default output format [None]: ENTER
```

Credentials are stored in INI format in `~/.aws/credentials`, which you can edit directly if needed. You can change the path to the credentials file via the AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE environment variable. Read more about that file in the [AWS documentation](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-getting-started.html#cli-config-files)

You can even set up different profiles for different accounts, which can be used by Serverless as well. To specify a default profile to use, you can add a `profile` setting to your `provider` configuration in `serverless.yml`:

```yml
service: new-service
provider:
  name: aws
  runtime: nodejs12.x
  stage: dev
  profile: devProfile
```

##### Use an existing AWS Profile

To easily switch between projects without the need to do `aws configure` every time you can use environment variables.
For example you define different profiles in `~/.aws/credentials`

```ini
[profileName1]
aws_access_key_id=***************
aws_secret_access_key=***************

[profileName2]
aws_access_key_id=***************
aws_secret_access_key=***************
```

Now you can switch per project (/ API) by executing once when you start your project:

`export AWS_PROFILE="profileName2" && export AWS_REGION=eu-west-1`.

in the Terminal. Now everything is set to execute all the `serverless` CLI options like `sls deploy`.
The AWS region setting is to prevent issues with specific services, so adapt if you need another default region.

##### Using the `aws-profile` option

You can always specify the profile which should be used via the `aws-profile` option like this:

```bash
serverless deploy --aws-profile devProfile
```

#### Per Stage Profiles

As an advanced use-case, you can deploy different stages to different accounts by using different profiles per stage. In order to use different profiles per stage, you must leverage [variables](https://serverless.com/framework/docs/providers/aws/guide/variables) and the provider profile setting.

This example `serverless.yml` snippet will load the profile depending upon the stage specified in the command line options (or default to 'dev' if unspecified);

```yml
service: new-service
provider:
  name: aws
  runtime: nodejs12.x
  stage: ${opt:stage, self:custom.defaultStage}
  profile: ${self:custom.profiles.${self:provider.stage}}
custom:
  defaultStage: dev
  profiles:
    dev: devProfile
    prod: prodProfile
```

#### Profile in place with the 'invoke local' command

**Be aware!** Due to the way AWS IAM and the local environment works, if you invoke your lambda functions locally using the CLI command `serverless invoke local -f ...` the IAM role/profile could be (and probably is) different from the one set in the `serverless.yml` configuration file.
Thus, most likely, a different set of permissions will be in place, altering the interaction between your lambda functions and other AWS resources.

_Please, refer to the [`invoke local`](https://serverless.com/framework/docs/providers/aws/cli-reference/invoke-local/#aws---invoke-local) CLI command documentation for more details._
