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mathjs/js/lib/math.js
Jos de Jong 188c7240fa Publish v9.0.0
2021-01-16 12:33:09 +01:00

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/**
* math.js
* https://github.com/josdejong/mathjs
*
* Math.js is an extensive math library for JavaScript and Node.js,
* It features real and complex numbers, units, matrices, a large set of
* mathematical functions, and a flexible expression parser.
*
* @version 9.0.0
* @date 2021-01-16
*
* @license
* Copyright (C) 2013-2021 Jos de Jong <wjosdejong@gmail.com>
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
* of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*/
!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=t(function(){try{return require("crypto")}catch(e){}}()):"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(["crypto"],t):"object"==typeof exports?exports.math=t(function(){try{return require("crypto")}catch(e){}}()):e.math=t(e.crypto)}(this,(function(e){return function(e){var t={};function r(n){if(t[n])return t[n].exports;var i=t[n]={i:n,l:!1,exports:{}};return e[n].call(i.exports,i,i.exports,r),i.l=!0,i.exports}return r.m=e,r.c=t,r.d=function(e,t,n){r.o(e,t)||Object.defineProperty(e,t,{enumerable:!0,get:n})},r.r=function(e){"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},r.t=function(e,t){if(1&t&&(e=r(e)),8&t)return e;if(4&t&&"object"==typeof e&&e&&e.__esModule)return e;var n=Object.create(null);if(r.r(n),Object.defineProperty(n,"default",{enumerable:!0,value:e}),2&t&&"string"!=typeof e)for(var i in e)r.d(n,i,function(t){return e[t]}.bind(null,i));return n},r.n=function(e){var t=e&&e.__esModule?function(){return e.default}:function(){return e};return r.d(t,"a",t),t},r.o=function(e,t){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t)},r.p="",r(r.s=20)}([,function(e,t,r){var n;
/**
* @license Complex.js v2.0.11 11/02/2016
*
* Copyright (c) 2016, Robert Eisele (robert@xarg.org)
* Dual licensed under the MIT or GPL Version 2 licenses.
**/!function(r){"use strict";var i=function(e){return.5*(Math.exp(e)+Math.exp(-e))},a=function(e){return.5*(Math.exp(e)-Math.exp(-e))},o=function(){throw SyntaxError("Invalid Param")};function s(e,t){var r=Math.abs(e),n=Math.abs(t);return 0===e?Math.log(n):0===t?Math.log(r):r<3e3&&n<3e3?.5*Math.log(e*e+t*t):Math.log(e/Math.cos(Math.atan2(t,e)))}function u(e,t){if(!(this instanceof u))return new u(e,t);var r=function(e,t){var r={re:0,im:0};if(null==e)r.re=r.im=0;else if(void 0!==t)r.re=e,r.im=t;else switch(typeof e){case"object":if("im"in e&&"re"in e)r.re=e.re,r.im=e.im;else if("abs"in e&&"arg"in e){if(!Number.isFinite(e.abs)&&Number.isFinite(e.arg))return u.INFINITY;r.re=e.abs*Math.cos(e.arg),r.im=e.abs*Math.sin(e.arg)}else if("r"in e&&"phi"in e){if(!Number.isFinite(e.r)&&Number.isFinite(e.phi))return u.INFINITY;r.re=e.r*Math.cos(e.phi),r.im=e.r*Math.sin(e.phi)}else 2===e.length?(r.re=e[0],r.im=e[1]):o();break;case"string":r.im=r.re=0;var 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/**
* @license Fraction.js v4.0.12 09/09/2015
* http://www.xarg.org/2014/03/rational-numbers-in-javascript/
*
* Copyright (c) 2015, Robert Eisele (robert@xarg.org)
* Dual licensed under the MIT or GPL Version 2 licenses.
**/!function(r){"use strict";var i={s:1,n:0,d:1};function a(e){function t(){var t=Error.apply(this,arguments);t.name=this.name=e,this.stack=t.stack,this.message=t.message}function r(){}return r.prototype=Error.prototype,t.prototype=new r,t}var o=p.DivisionByZero=a("DivisionByZero"),s=p.InvalidParameter=a("InvalidParameter");function u(e,t){return isNaN(e=parseInt(e,10))&&c(),e*t}function c(){throw new s}var f=function(e,t){var r,n=0,a=1,s=1,f=0,l=0,p=0,m=1,h=1,d=0,y=1,g=1,v=1,x=1e7;if(null==e);else if(void 0!==t)s=(n=e)*(a=t);else switch(typeof e){case"object":"d"in e&&"n"in e?(n=e.n,a=e.d,"s"in e&&(n*=e.s)):0 in e?(n=e[0],1 in e&&(a=e[1])):c(),s=n*a;break;case"number":if(e<0&&(s=e,e=-e),e%1==0)n=e;else 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Matrix A ("+o+") must match Matrix B ("+l+")");if(!u)throw new Error("Cannot perform operation on Dense Matrix and Pattern Sparse Matrix");var m,h,d=o[0],y=o[1],g="string"==typeof s&&s===p?s:void 0,v=g?t.find(n,[g,g]):n,x=[];for(m=0;m<d;m++)x[m]=[];var b=[],w=[];for(h=0;h<y;h++){for(var N=h+1,M=f[h],S=f[h+1],E=M;E<S;E++)b[m=c[E]]=i?v(u[E],a[m][h]):v(a[m][h],u[E]),w[m]=N;for(m=0;m<d;m++)w[m]===N?x[m][h]=b[m]:x[m][h]=a[m][h]}return e.createDenseMatrix({data:x,size:[d,y],datatype:g})}})),jr=Xe("algorithm04",["typed","equalScalar"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.equalScalar;return function(e,n,i){var a=e._values,o=e._index,s=e._ptr,u=e._size,c=e._datatype,f=n._values,l=n._index,p=n._ptr,m=n._size,h=n._datatype;if(u.length!==m.length)throw new Me(u.length,m.length);if(u[0]!==m[0]||u[1]!==m[1])throw new RangeError("Dimension mismatch. 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Matrix A ("+o+") must match Matrix B ("+c+")");l[p]=o[p]}var m=n;"string"==typeof s&&s===f&&(i=s,m=t.find(n,[i,i]));var h=l.length>0?function e(t,r,n,i,a,o){var s=[];if(r===n.length-1)for(var u=0;u<i;u++)s[u]=t(a[u],o[u]);else for(var c=0;c<i;c++)s[c]=e(t,r+1,n,n[r+1],a[c],o[c]);return s}(m,0,l,l[0],a,u):[];return e.createDenseMatrix({data:h,size:l,datatype:i})}})),Fr=Xe("gcd",["typed","matrix","equalScalar","BigNumber","DenseMatrix"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.matrix,n=e.equalScalar,i=e.BigNumber,a=e.DenseMatrix,o=Rr({typed:t}),s=jr({typed:t,equalScalar:n}),u=Pr({typed:t,DenseMatrix:a}),c=Ur({typed:t}),f=Ar({typed:t});return t("gcd",{"number, number":or,"BigNumber, BigNumber":function(e,t){if(!e.isInt()||!t.isInt())throw new Error("Parameters in function gcd must be integer numbers");var r=new i(0);for(;!t.isZero();){var n=e.mod(t);e=t,t=n}return e.lt(r)?e.neg():e},"Fraction, Fraction":function(e,t){return e.gcd(t)},"SparseMatrix, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){return s(e,t,this)},"SparseMatrix, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return o(t,e,this,!0)},"DenseMatrix, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){return o(e,t,this,!1)},"DenseMatrix, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return c(e,t,this)},"Array, Array":function(e,t){return this(r(e),r(t)).valueOf()},"Array, Matrix":function(e,t){return this(r(e),t)},"Matrix, Array":function(e,t){return this(e,r(t))},"SparseMatrix, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){return u(e,t,this,!1)},"DenseMatrix, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){return f(e,t,this,!1)},"number | BigNumber, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){return u(t,e,this,!0)},"number | BigNumber, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return f(t,e,this,!0)},"Array, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){return f(r(e),t,this,!1).valueOf()},"number | BigNumber, Array":function(e,t){return f(r(t),e,this,!0).valueOf()},"Array | Matrix | number | BigNumber, Array | Matrix | number | BigNumber, ...Array | Matrix | number | BigNumber":function(e,t,r){for(var n=this(e,t),i=0;i<r.length;i++)n=this(n,r[i]);return n}})})),Lr=Xe("algorithm02",["typed","equalScalar"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.equalScalar;return function(e,n,i,a){var o=e._data,s=e._size,u=e._datatype,c=n._values,f=n._index,l=n._ptr,p=n._size,m=n._datatype;if(s.length!==p.length)throw new Me(s.length,p.length);if(s[0]!==p[0]||s[1]!==p[1])throw new RangeError("Dimension mismatch. Matrix A ("+s+") must match Matrix B ("+p+")");if(!c)throw new Error("Cannot perform operation on Dense Matrix and Pattern Sparse Matrix");var h,d=s[0],y=s[1],g=r,v=0,x=i;"string"==typeof u&&u===m&&(h=u,g=t.find(r,[h,h]),v=t.convert(0,h),x=t.find(i,[h,h]));for(var b=[],w=[],N=[],M=0;M<y;M++){N[M]=w.length;for(var S=l[M],E=l[M+1],A=S;A<E;A++){var O=f[A],C=a?x(c[A],o[O][M]):x(o[O][M],c[A]);g(C,v)||(w.push(O),b.push(C))}}return N[y]=w.length,n.createSparseMatrix({values:b,index:w,ptr:N,size:[d,y],datatype:h})}})),Hr=Xe("algorithm06",["typed","equalScalar"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.equalScalar;return function(e,n,i){var a=e._values,o=e._size,s=e._datatype,u=n._values,c=n._size,f=n._datatype;if(o.length!==c.length)throw new Me(o.length,c.length);if(o[0]!==c[0]||o[1]!==c[1])throw new RangeError("Dimension mismatch. Matrix A ("+o+") must match Matrix B ("+c+")");var l,p=o[0],m=o[1],h=r,d=0,y=i;"string"==typeof s&&s===f&&(l=s,h=t.find(r,[l,l]),d=t.convert(0,l),y=t.find(i,[l,l]));for(var g=a&&u?[]:void 0,v=[],x=[],b=g?[]:void 0,w=[],N=[],M=0;M<m;M++){x[M]=v.length;var S=M+1;if(Et(e,M,w,b,N,S,v,y),Et(n,M,w,b,N,S,v,y),b)for(var E=x[M];E<v.length;){var A=v[E];if(N[A]===S){var O=b[A];h(O,d)?v.splice(E,1):(g.push(O),E++)}else v.splice(E,1)}else for(var C=x[M];C<v.length;){N[v[C]]!==S?v.splice(C,1):C++}}return x[m]=v.length,e.createSparseMatrix({values:g,index:v,ptr:x,size:[p,m],datatype:l})}})),$r=Xe("lcm",["typed","matrix","equalScalar"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.matrix,n=e.equalScalar,i=Lr({typed:t,equalScalar:n}),a=Hr({typed:t,equalScalar:n}),o=Er({typed:t,equalScalar:n}),s=Ur({typed:t}),u=Ar({typed:t});return t("lcm",{"number, number":sr,"BigNumber, BigNumber":function(e,t){if(!e.isInt()||!t.isInt())throw new Error("Parameters in function lcm must be integer numbers");if(e.isZero())return e;if(t.isZero())return t;var r=e.times(t);for(;!t.isZero();){var n=t;t=e.mod(n),e=n}return r.div(e).abs()},"Fraction, Fraction":function(e,t){return e.lcm(t)},"SparseMatrix, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){return a(e,t,this)},"SparseMatrix, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return i(t,e,this,!0)},"DenseMatrix, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){return i(e,t,this,!1)},"DenseMatrix, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return s(e,t,this)},"Array, Array":function(e,t){return this(r(e),r(t)).valueOf()},"Array, Matrix":function(e,t){return this(r(e),t)},"Matrix, Array":function(e,t){return this(e,r(t))},"SparseMatrix, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){return o(e,t,this,!1)},"DenseMatrix, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){return u(e,t,this,!1)},"number | BigNumber, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){return o(t,e,this,!0)},"number | BigNumber, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return u(t,e,this,!0)},"Array, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){return u(r(e),t,this,!1).valueOf()},"number | BigNumber, Array":function(e,t){return u(r(t),e,this,!0).valueOf()},"Array | Matrix | number | BigNumber, Array | Matrix | number | BigNumber, ...Array | Matrix | number | BigNumber":function(e,t,r){for(var n=this(e,t),i=0;i<r.length;i++)n=this(n,r[i]);return n}})})),Gr=Xe("log10",["typed","config","Complex"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.config,n=e.Complex;return t("log10",{number:function(e){return e>=0||r.predictable?cr(e):new n(e,0).log().div(Math.LN10)},Complex:function(e){return new n(e).log().div(Math.LN10)},BigNumber:function(e){return!e.isNegative()||r.predictable?e.log():new n(e.toNumber(),0).log().div(Math.LN10)},"Array | Matrix":function(e){return Nt(e,this)}})})),Vr=Xe("log2",["typed","config","Complex"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.config,n=e.Complex;return t("log2",{number:function(e){return e>=0||r.predictable?fr(e):i(new n(e,0))},Complex:i,BigNumber:function(e){return!e.isNegative()||r.predictable?e.log(2):i(new n(e.toNumber(),0))},"Array | Matrix":function(e){return Nt(e,this)}});function i(e){var t=Math.sqrt(e.re*e.re+e.im*e.im);return new n(Math.log2?Math.log2(t):Math.log(t)/Math.LN2,Math.atan2(e.im,e.re)/Math.LN2)}})),Zr=Xe("algorithm03",["typed"],(function(e){var t=e.typed;return function(e,r,n,i){var a=e._data,o=e._size,s=e._datatype,u=r._values,c=r._index,f=r._ptr,l=r._size,p=r._datatype;if(o.length!==l.length)throw new Me(o.length,l.length);if(o[0]!==l[0]||o[1]!==l[1])throw new RangeError("Dimension mismatch. Matrix A ("+o+") must match Matrix B ("+l+")");if(!u)throw new Error("Cannot perform operation on Dense Matrix and Pattern Sparse Matrix");var m,h=o[0],d=o[1],y=0,g=n;"string"==typeof s&&s===p&&(m=s,y=t.convert(0,m),g=t.find(n,[m,m]));for(var v=[],x=0;x<h;x++)v[x]=[];for(var b=[],w=[],N=0;N<d;N++){for(var M=N+1,S=f[N],E=f[N+1],A=S;A<E;A++){var O=c[A];b[O]=i?g(u[A],a[O][N]):g(a[O][N],u[A]),w[O]=M}for(var C=0;C<h;C++)w[C]===M?v[C][N]=b[C]:v[C][N]=i?g(y,a[C][N]):g(a[C][N],y)}return e.createDenseMatrix({data:v,size:[h,d],datatype:m})}})),Wr=Xe("algorithm05",["typed","equalScalar"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.equalScalar;return function(e,n,i){var a=e._values,o=e._index,s=e._ptr,u=e._size,c=e._datatype,f=n._values,l=n._index,p=n._ptr,m=n._size,h=n._datatype;if(u.length!==m.length)throw new Me(u.length,m.length);if(u[0]!==m[0]||u[1]!==m[1])throw new RangeError("Dimension mismatch. Matrix A ("+u+") must match Matrix B ("+m+")");var d,y=u[0],g=u[1],v=r,x=0,b=i;"string"==typeof c&&c===h&&(d=c,v=t.find(r,[d,d]),x=t.convert(0,d),b=t.find(i,[d,d]));var w,N,M,S,E=a&&f?[]:void 0,A=[],O=[],C=E?[]:void 0,_=E?[]:void 0,T=[],q=[];for(N=0;N<g;N++){O[N]=A.length;var z=N+1;for(M=s[N],S=s[N+1];M<S;M++)w=o[M],A.push(w),T[w]=z,C&&(C[w]=a[M]);for(M=p[N],S=p[N+1];M<S;M++)T[w=l[M]]!==z&&A.push(w),q[w]=z,_&&(_[w]=f[M]);if(E)for(M=O[N];M<A.length;){var I=T[w=A[M]],B=q[w];if(I===z||B===z){var k=b(I===z?C[w]:x,B===z?_[w]:x);v(k,x)?A.splice(M,1):(E.push(k),M++)}}}return O[g]=A.length,e.createSparseMatrix({values:E,index:A,ptr:O,size:[y,g],datatype:d})}})),Jr=Xe("algorithm12",["typed","DenseMatrix"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.DenseMatrix;return function(e,n,i,a){var o=e._values,s=e._index,u=e._ptr,c=e._size,f=e._datatype;if(!o)throw new Error("Cannot perform operation on Pattern Sparse Matrix and Scalar value");var l,p=c[0],m=c[1],h=i;"string"==typeof f&&(l=f,n=t.convert(n,l),h=t.find(i,[l,l]));for(var d=[],y=[],g=[],v=0;v<m;v++){for(var x=v+1,b=u[v],w=u[v+1],N=b;N<w;N++){var M=s[N];y[M]=o[N],g[M]=x}for(var S=0;S<p;S++)0===v&&(d[S]=[]),g[S]===x?d[S][v]=a?h(n,y[S]):h(y[S],n):d[S][v]=a?h(n,0):h(0,n)}return new r({data:d,size:[p,m],datatype:l})}})),Yr=Xe("mod",["typed","matrix","equalScalar","DenseMatrix"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.matrix,n=e.equalScalar,i=e.DenseMatrix,a=Lr({typed:t,equalScalar:n}),o=Zr({typed:t}),s=Wr({typed:t,equalScalar:n}),u=Er({typed:t,equalScalar:n}),c=Jr({typed:t,DenseMatrix:i}),f=Ur({typed:t}),l=Ar({typed:t});return t("mod",{"number, number":lr,"BigNumber, BigNumber":function(e,t){if(t.isNeg())throw new Error("Cannot calculate mod for a negative divisor");return t.isZero()?e:e.mod(t)},"Fraction, Fraction":function(e,t){if(t.compare(0)<0)throw new Error("Cannot calculate mod for a negative divisor");return e.compare(0)>=0?e.mod(t):e.mod(t).add(t).mod(t)},"SparseMatrix, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){return s(e,t,this,!1)},"SparseMatrix, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return a(t,e,this,!0)},"DenseMatrix, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){return o(e,t,this,!1)},"DenseMatrix, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return f(e,t,this)},"Array, Array":function(e,t){return this(r(e),r(t)).valueOf()},"Array, Matrix":function(e,t){return this(r(e),t)},"Matrix, Array":function(e,t){return this(e,r(t))},"SparseMatrix, any":function(e,t){return u(e,t,this,!1)},"DenseMatrix, any":function(e,t){return l(e,t,this,!1)},"any, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){return c(t,e,this,!0)},"any, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return l(t,e,this,!0)},"Array, any":function(e,t){return l(r(e),t,this,!1).valueOf()},"any, Array":function(e,t){return l(r(t),e,this,!0).valueOf()}})})),Xr=Xe("multiplyScalar",["typed"],(function(e){return(0,e.typed)("multiplyScalar",{"number, number":Qt,"Complex, Complex":function(e,t){return e.mul(t)},"BigNumber, BigNumber":function(e,t){return e.times(t)},"Fraction, Fraction":function(e,t){return e.mul(t)},"number | Fraction | BigNumber | Complex, Unit":function(e,t){var r=t.clone();return r.value=null===r.value?r._normalize(e):this(r.value,e),r},"Unit, number | Fraction | BigNumber | Complex":function(e,t){var r=e.clone();return r.value=null===r.value?r._normalize(t):this(r.value,t),r},"Unit, Unit":function(e,t){return e.multiply(t)}})})),Qr=Xe("multiply",["typed","matrix","addScalar","multiplyScalar","equalScalar","dot"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.matrix,n=e.addScalar,i=e.multiplyScalar,a=e.equalScalar,o=e.dot,s=Er({typed:t,equalScalar:a}),u=Ar({typed:t});function c(e,t){switch(e.length){case 1:switch(t.length){case 1:if(e[0]!==t[0])throw new RangeError("Dimension mismatch in multiplication. Vectors must have the same length");break;case 2:if(e[0]!==t[0])throw new RangeError("Dimension mismatch in multiplication. Vector length ("+e[0]+") must match Matrix rows ("+t[0]+")");break;default:throw new Error("Can only multiply a 1 or 2 dimensional matrix (Matrix B has "+t.length+" dimensions)")}break;case 2:switch(t.length){case 1:if(e[1]!==t[0])throw new RangeError("Dimension mismatch in multiplication. Matrix columns ("+e[1]+") must match Vector length ("+t[0]+")");break;case 2:if(e[1]!==t[0])throw new RangeError("Dimension mismatch in multiplication. Matrix A columns ("+e[1]+") must match Matrix B rows ("+t[0]+")");break;default:throw new Error("Can only multiply a 1 or 2 dimensional matrix (Matrix B has "+t.length+" dimensions)")}break;default:throw new Error("Can only multiply a 1 or 2 dimensional matrix (Matrix A has "+e.length+" dimensions)")}}function f(e,r){if("dense"!==r.storage())throw new Error("Support for SparseMatrix not implemented");return function(e,r){var a,o=e._data,s=e._size,u=e._datatype,c=r._data,f=r._size,l=r._datatype,p=s[0],m=f[1],h=n,d=i;u&&l&&u===l&&"string"==typeof u&&(a=u,h=t.find(n,[a,a]),d=t.find(i,[a,a]));for(var y=[],g=0;g<m;g++){for(var v=d(o[0],c[0][g]),x=1;x<p;x++)v=h(v,d(o[x],c[x][g]));y[g]=v}return e.createDenseMatrix({data:y,size:[m],datatype:a})}(e,r)}var l=t("_multiplyMatrixVector",{"DenseMatrix, any":function(e,r){var a,o=e._data,s=e._size,u=e._datatype,c=r._data,f=r._datatype,l=s[0],p=s[1],m=n,h=i;u&&f&&u===f&&"string"==typeof u&&(a=u,m=t.find(n,[a,a]),h=t.find(i,[a,a]));for(var d=[],y=0;y<l;y++){for(var g=o[y],v=h(g[0],c[0]),x=1;x<p;x++)v=m(v,h(g[x],c[x]));d[y]=v}return e.createDenseMatrix({data:d,size:[l],datatype:a})},"SparseMatrix, any":function(e,r){var o=e._values,s=e._index,u=e._ptr,c=e._datatype;if(!o)throw new Error("Cannot multiply Pattern only Matrix times Dense Matrix");var f,l=r._data,p=r._datatype,m=e._size[0],h=r._size[0],d=[],y=[],g=[],v=n,x=i,b=a,w=0;c&&p&&c===p&&"string"==typeof c&&(f=c,v=t.find(n,[f,f]),x=t.find(i,[f,f]),b=t.find(a,[f,f]),w=t.convert(0,f));var N=[],M=[];g[0]=0;for(var S=0;S<h;S++){var E=l[S];if(!b(E,w))for(var A=u[S],O=u[S+1],C=A;C<O;C++){var _=s[C];M[_]?N[_]=v(N[_],x(E,o[C])):(M[_]=!0,y.push(_),N[_]=x(E,o[C]))}}for(var T=y.length,q=0;q<T;q++){var z=y[q];d[q]=N[z]}return g[1]=y.length,e.createSparseMatrix({values:d,index:y,ptr:g,size:[m,1],datatype:f})}}),m=t("_multiplyMatrixMatrix",{"DenseMatrix, DenseMatrix":function(e,r){var a,o=e._data,s=e._size,u=e._datatype,c=r._data,f=r._size,l=r._datatype,p=s[0],m=s[1],h=f[1],d=n,y=i;u&&l&&u===l&&"string"==typeof u&&(a=u,d=t.find(n,[a,a]),y=t.find(i,[a,a]));for(var g=[],v=0;v<p;v++){var x=o[v];g[v]=[];for(var b=0;b<h;b++){for(var w=y(x[0],c[0][b]),N=1;N<m;N++)w=d(w,y(x[N],c[N][b]));g[v][b]=w}}return e.createDenseMatrix({data:g,size:[p,h],datatype:a})},"DenseMatrix, SparseMatrix":function(e,r){var o=e._data,s=e._size,u=e._datatype,c=r._values,f=r._index,l=r._ptr,p=r._size,m=r._datatype;if(!c)throw new Error("Cannot multiply Dense Matrix times Pattern only Matrix");var h,d=s[0],y=p[1],g=n,v=i,x=a,b=0;u&&m&&u===m&&"string"==typeof u&&(h=u,g=t.find(n,[h,h]),v=t.find(i,[h,h]),x=t.find(a,[h,h]),b=t.convert(0,h));for(var w=[],N=[],M=[],S=r.createSparseMatrix({values:w,index:N,ptr:M,size:[d,y],datatype:h}),E=0;E<y;E++){M[E]=N.length;var A=l[E],O=l[E+1];if(O>A)for(var C=0,_=0;_<d;_++){for(var T=_+1,q=void 0,z=A;z<O;z++){var I=f[z];C!==T?(q=v(o[_][I],c[z]),C=T):q=g(q,v(o[_][I],c[z]))}C!==T||x(q,b)||(N.push(_),w.push(q))}}return M[y]=N.length,S},"SparseMatrix, DenseMatrix":function(e,r){var o=e._values,s=e._index,u=e._ptr,c=e._datatype;if(!o)throw new Error("Cannot multiply Pattern only Matrix times Dense Matrix");var f,l=r._data,p=r._datatype,m=e._size[0],h=r._size[0],d=r._size[1],y=n,g=i,v=a,x=0;c&&p&&c===p&&"string"==typeof c&&(f=c,y=t.find(n,[f,f]),g=t.find(i,[f,f]),v=t.find(a,[f,f]),x=t.convert(0,f));for(var b=[],w=[],N=[],M=e.createSparseMatrix({values:b,index:w,ptr:N,size:[m,d],datatype:f}),S=[],E=[],A=0;A<d;A++){N[A]=w.length;for(var O=A+1,C=0;C<h;C++){var _=l[C][A];if(!v(_,x))for(var T=u[C],q=u[C+1],z=T;z<q;z++){var I=s[z];E[I]!==O?(E[I]=O,w.push(I),S[I]=g(_,o[z])):S[I]=y(S[I],g(_,o[z]))}}for(var B=N[A],k=w.length,D=B;D<k;D++){var R=w[D];b[D]=S[R]}}return N[d]=w.length,M},"SparseMatrix, SparseMatrix":function(e,r){var a,o=e._values,s=e._index,u=e._ptr,c=e._datatype,f=r._values,l=r._index,p=r._ptr,m=r._datatype,h=e._size[0],d=r._size[1],y=o&&f,g=n,v=i;c&&m&&c===m&&"string"==typeof c&&(a=c,g=t.find(n,[a,a]),v=t.find(i,[a,a]));for(var x,b,w,N,M,S,E,A,O=y?[]:void 0,C=[],_=[],T=e.createSparseMatrix({values:O,index:C,ptr:_,size:[h,d],datatype:a}),q=y?[]:void 0,z=[],I=0;I<d;I++){_[I]=C.length;var B=I+1;for(M=p[I],S=p[I+1],N=M;N<S;N++)if(A=l[N],y)for(b=u[A],w=u[A+1],x=b;x<w;x++)E=s[x],z[E]!==B?(z[E]=B,C.push(E),q[E]=v(f[N],o[x])):q[E]=g(q[E],v(f[N],o[x]));else for(b=u[A],w=u[A+1],x=b;x<w;x++)E=s[x],z[E]!==B&&(z[E]=B,C.push(E));if(y)for(var k=_[I],D=C.length,R=k;R<D;R++){var j=C[R];O[R]=q[j]}}return _[d]=C.length,T}});return t("multiply",Ge({"Array, Array":function(e,t){c(Ee(e),Ee(t));var n=this(r(e),r(t));return p(n)?n.valueOf():n},"Matrix, Matrix":function(e,t){var r=e.size(),n=t.size();return c(r,n),1===r.length?1===n.length?function(e,t,r){if(0===r)throw new Error("Cannot multiply two empty vectors");return o(e,t)}(e,t,r[0]):f(e,t):1===n.length?l(e,t):m(e,t)},"Matrix, Array":function(e,t){return this(e,r(t))},"Array, Matrix":function(e,t){return this(r(e,t.storage()),t)},"SparseMatrix, any":function(e,t){return s(e,t,i,!1)},"DenseMatrix, any":function(e,t){return u(e,t,i,!1)},"any, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){return s(t,e,i,!0)},"any, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return u(t,e,i,!0)},"Array, any":function(e,t){return u(r(e),t,i,!1).valueOf()},"any, Array":function(e,t){return u(r(t),e,i,!0).valueOf()},"any, any":i,"any, any, ...any":function(e,t,r){for(var n=this(e,t),i=0;i<r.length;i++)n=this(n,r[i]);return n}},i.signatures))})),Kr=Xe("nthRoot",["typed","matrix","equalScalar","BigNumber"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.matrix,n=e.equalScalar,i=e.BigNumber,a=Rr({typed:t}),o=Lr({typed:t,equalScalar:n}),s=Hr({typed:t,equalScalar:n}),u=Er({typed:t,equalScalar:n}),c=Ur({typed:t}),f=Ar({typed:t}),l="Complex number not supported in function nthRoot. Use nthRoots instead.";return t("nthRoot",{number:function(e){return pr(e,2)},"number, number":pr,BigNumber:function(e){return p(e,new i(2))},Complex:function(e){throw new Error(l)},"Complex, number":function(e,t){throw new Error(l)},"BigNumber, BigNumber":p,"Array | Matrix":function(e){return this(e,2)},"SparseMatrix, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){if(1===t.density())return s(e,t,this);throw new Error("Root must be non-zero")},"SparseMatrix, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return o(t,e,this,!0)},"DenseMatrix, SparseMatrix":function(e,t){if(1===t.density())return a(e,t,this,!1);throw new Error("Root must be non-zero")},"DenseMatrix, DenseMatrix":function(e,t){return c(e,t,this)},"Array, Array":function(e,t){return this(r(e),r(t)).valueOf()},"Array, Matrix":function(e,t){return this(r(e),t)},"Matrix, Array":function(e,t){return this(e,r(t))},"SparseMatrix, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){return u(e,t,this,!1)},"DenseMatrix, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){return f(e,t,this,!1)},"number | 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0===e.im?n(mr(e.re)):e.sign()},BigNumber:function(e){return new r(e.cmp(0))},Fraction:function(e){return new i(e.s,1)},"Array | Matrix":function(e){return Nt(e,this,!0)},Unit:function(e){return this(e.value)}})})),tn=Xe("sqrt",["config","typed","Complex"],(function(e){var t=e.config,r=e.typed,n=e.Complex;return r("sqrt",{number:i,Complex:function(e){return e.sqrt()},BigNumber:function(e){return!e.isNegative()||t.predictable?e.sqrt():i(e.toNumber())},"Array | Matrix":function(e){return Nt(e,this,!0)},Unit:function(e){return e.pow(.5)}});function i(e){return isNaN(e)?NaN:e>=0||t.predictable?Math.sqrt(e):new n(e,0).sqrt()}})),rn=Xe("square",["typed"],(function(e){return(0,e.typed)("square",{number:hr,Complex:function(e){return e.mul(e)},BigNumber:function(e){return e.times(e)},Fraction:function(e){return e.mul(e)},"Array | Matrix":function(e){return Nt(e,this,!0)},Unit:function(e){return 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e)u=e,"function"==typeof(c=t)&&(n.prototype[u]=a(c));else{var r=function(t){Je(e,t)&&void 0===o[t]&&i(t,(function(){return e[t]}))};for(var s in e)r(s)}var u,c};var o={expression:!0,docs:!0,type:!0,classes:!0,json:!0,error:!0,isChain:!0};return n.createProxy(r),t&&t("import",(function(e,t,r){r||i(e,t)})),n}),{isClass:!0}),Au={name:"pi",category:"Constants",syntax:["pi"],description:"The number pi is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, and is approximately equal to 3.14159",examples:["pi","sin(pi/2)"],seealso:["tau"]},Ou={name:"e",category:"Constants",syntax:["e"],description:"Euler's number, the base of the natural logarithm. 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A complex number is described as a + b*i, where a is the real part, and b is the imaginary part.",examples:["i","i * i","sqrt(-1)"],seealso:[]},Infinity:{name:"Infinity",category:"Constants",syntax:["Infinity"],description:"Infinity, a number which is larger than the maximum number that can be handled by a floating point number.",examples:["Infinity","1 / 0"],seealso:[]},LN2:{name:"LN2",category:"Constants",syntax:["LN2"],description:"Returns the natural logarithm of 2, approximately equal to 0.693",examples:["LN2","log(2)"],seealso:[]},LN10:{name:"LN10",category:"Constants",syntax:["LN10"],description:"Returns the natural logarithm of 10, approximately equal to 2.302",examples:["LN10","log(10)"],seealso:[]},LOG2E:{name:"LOG2E",category:"Constants",syntax:["LOG2E"],description:"Returns the base-2 logarithm of E, approximately equal to 1.442",examples:["LOG2E","log(e, 2)"],seealso:[]},LOG10E:{name:"LOG10E",category:"Constants",syntax:["LOG10E"],description:"Returns the base-10 logarithm of E, approximately equal to 0.434",examples:["LOG10E","log(e, 10)"],seealso:[]},NaN:{name:"NaN",category:"Constants",syntax:["NaN"],description:"Not a number",examples:["NaN","0 / 0"],seealso:[]},null:{name:"null",category:"Constants",syntax:["null"],description:"Value null",examples:["null"],seealso:["true","false"]},pi:Au,PI:Au,phi:{name:"phi",category:"Constants",syntax:["phi"],description:"Phi is the golden ratio. Two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. Phi is defined as `(1 + sqrt(5)) / 2` and is approximately 1.618034...",examples:["phi"],seealso:[]},SQRT1_2:{name:"SQRT1_2",category:"Constants",syntax:["SQRT1_2"],description:"Returns the square root of 1/2, approximately equal to 0.707",examples:["SQRT1_2","sqrt(1/2)"],seealso:[]},SQRT2:{name:"SQRT2",category:"Constants",syntax:["SQRT2"],description:"Returns the square root of 2, approximately equal to 1.414",examples:["SQRT2","sqrt(2)"],seealso:[]},tau:{name:"tau",category:"Constants",syntax:["tau"],description:"Tau is the ratio constant of a circle's circumference to radius, equal to 2 * pi, approximately 6.2832.",examples:["tau","2 * pi"],seealso:["pi"]},true:{name:"true",category:"Constants",syntax:["true"],description:"Boolean value true",examples:["true"],seealso:["false"]},version:{name:"version",category:"Constants",syntax:["version"],description:"A string with the version number of math.js",examples:["version"],seealso:[]},speedOfLight:{description:"Speed of light in vacuum",examples:["speedOfLight"]},gravitationConstant:{description:"Newtonian constant of gravitation",examples:["gravitationConstant"]},planckConstant:{description:"Planck constant",examples:["planckConstant"]},reducedPlanckConstant:{description:"Reduced Planck constant",examples:["reducedPlanckConstant"]},magneticConstant:{description:"Magnetic constant (vacuum permeability)",examples:["magneticConstant"]},electricConstant:{description:"Electric constant (vacuum permeability)",examples:["electricConstant"]},vacuumImpedance:{description:"Characteristic impedance of vacuum",examples:["vacuumImpedance"]},coulomb:{description:"Coulomb's constant",examples:["coulomb"]},elementaryCharge:{description:"Elementary charge",examples:["elementaryCharge"]},bohrMagneton:{description:"Borh magneton",examples:["bohrMagneton"]},conductanceQuantum:{description:"Conductance quantum",examples:["conductanceQuantum"]},inverseConductanceQuantum:{description:"Inverse conductance quantum",examples:["inverseConductanceQuantum"]},magneticFluxQuantum:{description:"Magnetic flux quantum",examples:["magneticFluxQuantum"]},nuclearMagneton:{description:"Nuclear magneton",examples:["nuclearMagneton"]},klitzing:{description:"Von Klitzing constant",examples:["klitzing"]},bohrRadius:{description:"Borh radius",examples:["bohrRadius"]},classicalElectronRadius:{description:"Classical electron radius",examples:["classicalElectronRadius"]},electronMass:{description:"Electron mass",examples:["electronMass"]},fermiCoupling:{description:"Fermi coupling constant",examples:["fermiCoupling"]},fineStructure:{description:"Fine-structure constant",examples:["fineStructure"]},hartreeEnergy:{description:"Hartree energy",examples:["hartreeEnergy"]},protonMass:{description:"Proton mass",examples:["protonMass"]},deuteronMass:{description:"Deuteron Mass",examples:["deuteronMass"]},neutronMass:{description:"Neutron mass",examples:["neutronMass"]},quantumOfCirculation:{description:"Quantum of circulation",examples:["quantumOfCirculation"]},rydberg:{description:"Rydberg constant",examples:["rydberg"]},thomsonCrossSection:{description:"Thomson cross section",examples:["thomsonCrossSection"]},weakMixingAngle:{description:"Weak mixing angle",examples:["weakMixingAngle"]},efimovFactor:{description:"Efimov factor",examples:["efimovFactor"]},atomicMass:{description:"Atomic mass constant",examples:["atomicMass"]},avogadro:{description:"Avogadro's number",examples:["avogadro"]},boltzmann:{description:"Boltzmann constant",examples:["boltzmann"]},faraday:{description:"Faraday constant",examples:["faraday"]},firstRadiation:{description:"First radiation constant",examples:["firstRadiation"]},loschmidt:{description:"Loschmidt constant at T=273.15 K and p=101.325 kPa",examples:["loschmidt"]},gasConstant:{description:"Gas constant",examples:["gasConstant"]},molarPlanckConstant:{description:"Molar Planck constant",examples:["molarPlanckConstant"]},molarVolume:{description:"Molar volume of an ideal gas at T=273.15 K and p=101.325 kPa",examples:["molarVolume"]},sackurTetrode:{description:"Sackur-Tetrode constant at T=1 K and p=101.325 kPa",examples:["sackurTetrode"]},secondRadiation:{description:"Second radiation constant",examples:["secondRadiation"]},stefanBoltzmann:{description:"Stefan-Boltzmann constant",examples:["stefanBoltzmann"]},wienDisplacement:{description:"Wien displacement law constant",examples:["wienDisplacement"]},molarMass:{description:"Molar mass constant",examples:["molarMass"]},molarMassC12:{description:"Molar mass constant of carbon-12",examples:["molarMassC12"]},gravity:{description:"Standard acceleration of gravity (standard acceleration of free-fall on Earth)",examples:["gravity"]},planckLength:{description:"Planck length",examples:["planckLength"]},planckMass:{description:"Planck mass",examples:["planckMass"]},planckTime:{description:"Planck time",examples:["planckTime"]},planckCharge:{description:"Planck charge",examples:["planckCharge"]},planckTemperature:{description:"Planck temperature",examples:["planckTemperature"]},derivative:{name:"derivative",category:"Algebra",syntax:["derivative(expr, variable)","derivative(expr, variable, {simplify: boolean})"],description:"Takes the derivative of an expression expressed in parser Nodes. The derivative will be taken over the supplied variable in the second parameter. If there are multiple variables in the expression, it will return a partial derivative.",examples:['derivative("2x^3", "x")','derivative("2x^3", "x", {simplify: false})','derivative("2x^2 + 3x + 4", "x")','derivative("sin(2x)", "x")','f = parse("x^2 + x")','x = parse("x")',"df = derivative(f, x)","df.evaluate({x: 3})"],seealso:["simplify","parse","evaluate"]},lsolve:{name:"lsolve",category:"Algebra",syntax:["x=lsolve(L, b)"],description:"Finds one solution of the linear system L * x = b where L is an [n x n] lower triangular matrix and b is a [n] column vector.",examples:["a = [-2, 3; 2, 1]","b = [11, 9]","x = lsolve(a, b)"],seealso:["lsolveAll","lup","lusolve","usolve","matrix","sparse"]},lsolveAll:{name:"lsolveAll",category:"Algebra",syntax:["x=lsolveAll(L, b)"],description:"Finds all solutions of the linear system L * x = b where L is an [n x n] lower triangular matrix and b is a [n] column vector.",examples:["a = [-2, 3; 2, 1]","b = [11, 9]","x = lsolve(a, b)"],seealso:["lsolve","lup","lusolve","usolve","matrix","sparse"]},lup:{name:"lup",category:"Algebra",syntax:["lup(m)"],description:"Calculate the Matrix LU decomposition with partial pivoting. Matrix A is decomposed in three matrices (L, U, P) where P * A = L * U",examples:["lup([[2, 1], [1, 4]])","lup(matrix([[2, 1], [1, 4]]))","lup(sparse([[2, 1], [1, 4]]))"],seealso:["lusolve","lsolve","usolve","matrix","sparse","slu","qr"]},lusolve:{name:"lusolve",category:"Algebra",syntax:["x=lusolve(A, b)","x=lusolve(lu, b)"],description:"Solves the linear system A * x = b where A is an [n x n] matrix and b is a [n] column vector.",examples:["a = [-2, 3; 2, 1]","b = [11, 9]","x = lusolve(a, b)"],seealso:["lup","slu","lsolve","usolve","matrix","sparse"]},simplify:{name:"simplify",category:"Algebra",syntax:["simplify(expr)","simplify(expr, rules)"],description:"Simplify an expression tree.",examples:['simplify("3 + 2 / 4")','simplify("2x + x")','f = parse("x * (x + 2 + x)")',"simplified = simplify(f)","simplified.evaluate({x: 2})"],seealso:["derivative","parse","evaluate"]},rationalize:{name:"rationalize",category:"Algebra",syntax:["rationalize(expr)","rationalize(expr, scope)","rationalize(expr, scope, detailed)"],description:"Transform a rationalizable expression in a rational fraction. If rational fraction is one variable polynomial then converts the numerator and denominator in canonical form, with decreasing exponents, returning the coefficients of numerator.",examples:['rationalize("2x/y - y/(x+1)")','rationalize("2x/y - y/(x+1)", true)'],seealso:["simplify"]},slu:{name:"slu",category:"Algebra",syntax:["slu(A, order, threshold)"],description:"Calculate the Matrix LU decomposition with full pivoting. Matrix A is decomposed in two matrices (L, U) and two permutation vectors (pinv, q) where P * A * Q = L * U",examples:["slu(sparse([4.5, 0, 3.2, 0; 3.1, 2.9, 0, 0.9; 0, 1.7, 3, 0; 3.5, 0.4, 0, 1]), 1, 0.001)"],seealso:["lusolve","lsolve","usolve","matrix","sparse","lup","qr"]},usolve:{name:"usolve",category:"Algebra",syntax:["x=usolve(U, b)"],description:"Finds one solution of the linear system U * x = b where U is an [n x n] upper triangular matrix and b is a [n] column vector.",examples:["x=usolve(sparse([1, 1, 1, 1; 0, 1, 1, 1; 0, 0, 1, 1; 0, 0, 0, 1]), [1; 2; 3; 4])"],seealso:["usolveAll","lup","lusolve","lsolve","matrix","sparse"]},usolveAll:{name:"usolveAll",category:"Algebra",syntax:["x=usolve(U, b)"],description:"Finds all solutions of the linear system U * x = b where U is an [n x n] upper triangular matrix and b is a [n] column vector.",examples:["x=usolve(sparse([1, 1, 1, 1; 0, 1, 1, 1; 0, 0, 1, 1; 0, 0, 0, 1]), [1; 2; 3; 4])"],seealso:["usolve","lup","lusolve","lsolve","matrix","sparse"]},qr:{name:"qr",category:"Algebra",syntax:["qr(A)"],description:"Calculates the Matrix QR decomposition. Matrix `A` is decomposed in two matrices (`Q`, `R`) where `Q` is an orthogonal matrix and `R` is an upper triangular matrix.",examples:["qr([[1, -1, 4], [1, 4, -2], [1, 4, 2], [1, -1, 0]])"],seealso:["lup","slu","matrix"]},abs:{name:"abs",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["abs(x)"],description:"Compute the absolute value.",examples:["abs(3.5)","abs(-4.2)"],seealso:["sign"]},add:{name:"add",category:"Operators",syntax:["x + y","add(x, y)"],description:"Add two values.",examples:["a = 2.1 + 3.6","a - 3.6","3 + 2i","3 cm + 2 inch",'"2.3" + "4"'],seealso:["subtract"]},cbrt:{name:"cbrt",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["cbrt(x)","cbrt(x, allRoots)"],description:"Compute the cubic root value. If x = y * y * y, then y is the cubic root of x. When `x` is a number or complex number, an optional second argument `allRoots` can be provided to return all three cubic roots. If not provided, the principal root is returned",examples:["cbrt(64)","cube(4)","cbrt(-8)","cbrt(2 + 3i)","cbrt(8i)","cbrt(8i, true)","cbrt(27 m^3)"],seealso:["square","sqrt","cube","multiply"]},ceil:{name:"ceil",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["ceil(x)"],description:"Round a value towards plus infinity. If x is complex, both real and imaginary part are rounded towards plus infinity.",examples:["ceil(3.2)","ceil(3.8)","ceil(-4.2)"],seealso:["floor","fix","round"]},cube:{name:"cube",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["cube(x)"],description:"Compute the cube of a value. The cube of x is x * x * x.",examples:["cube(2)","2^3","2 * 2 * 2"],seealso:["multiply","square","pow"]},divide:{name:"divide",category:"Operators",syntax:["x / y","divide(x, y)"],description:"Divide two values.",examples:["a = 2 / 3","a * 3","4.5 / 2","3 + 4 / 2","(3 + 4) / 2","18 km / 4.5"],seealso:["multiply"]},dotDivide:{name:"dotDivide",category:"Operators",syntax:["x ./ y","dotDivide(x, y)"],description:"Divide two values element wise.",examples:["a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]","b = [2, 1, 1; 3, 2, 5]","a ./ b"],seealso:["multiply","dotMultiply","divide"]},dotMultiply:{name:"dotMultiply",category:"Operators",syntax:["x .* y","dotMultiply(x, y)"],description:"Multiply two values element wise.",examples:["a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]","b = [2, 1, 1; 3, 2, 5]","a .* b"],seealso:["multiply","divide","dotDivide"]},dotPow:{name:"dotPow",category:"Operators",syntax:["x .^ y","dotPow(x, y)"],description:"Calculates the power of x to y element wise.",examples:["a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]","a .^ 2"],seealso:["pow"]},exp:{name:"exp",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["exp(x)"],description:"Calculate the exponent of a value.",examples:["exp(1.3)","e ^ 1.3","log(exp(1.3))","x = 2.4","(exp(i*x) == cos(x) + i*sin(x)) # Euler's formula"],seealso:["expm","expm1","pow","log"]},expm:{name:"expm",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["exp(x)"],description:"Compute the matrix exponential, expm(A) = e^A. The matrix must be square. Not to be confused with exp(a), which performs element-wise exponentiation.",examples:["expm([[0,2],[0,0]])"],seealso:["exp"]},expm1:{name:"expm1",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["expm1(x)"],description:"Calculate the value of subtracting 1 from the exponential value.",examples:["expm1(2)","pow(e, 2) - 1","log(expm1(2) + 1)"],seealso:["exp","pow","log"]},fix:{name:"fix",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["fix(x)"],description:"Round a value towards zero. If x is complex, both real and imaginary part are rounded towards zero.",examples:["fix(3.2)","fix(3.8)","fix(-4.2)","fix(-4.8)"],seealso:["ceil","floor","round"]},floor:{name:"floor",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["floor(x)"],description:"Round a value towards minus infinity.If x is complex, both real and imaginary part are rounded towards minus infinity.",examples:["floor(3.2)","floor(3.8)","floor(-4.2)"],seealso:["ceil","fix","round"]},gcd:{name:"gcd",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["gcd(a, b)","gcd(a, b, c, ...)"],description:"Compute the greatest common divisor.",examples:["gcd(8, 12)","gcd(-4, 6)","gcd(25, 15, -10)"],seealso:["lcm","xgcd"]},hypot:{name:"hypot",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["hypot(a, b, c, ...)","hypot([a, b, c, ...])"],description:"Calculate the hypotenusa of a list with values. ",examples:["hypot(3, 4)","sqrt(3^2 + 4^2)","hypot(-2)","hypot([3, 4, 5])"],seealso:["abs","norm"]},lcm:{name:"lcm",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["lcm(x, y)"],description:"Compute the least common multiple.",examples:["lcm(4, 6)","lcm(6, 21)","lcm(6, 21, 5)"],seealso:["gcd"]},log:{name:"log",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["log(x)","log(x, base)"],description:"Compute the logarithm of a value. If no base is provided, the natural logarithm of x is calculated. If base if provided, the logarithm is calculated for the specified base. log(x, base) is defined as log(x) / log(base).",examples:["log(3.5)","a = log(2.4)","exp(a)","10 ^ 4","log(10000, 10)","log(10000) / log(10)","b = log(1024, 2)","2 ^ b"],seealso:["exp","log1p","log2","log10"]},log2:{name:"log2",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["log2(x)"],description:"Calculate the 2-base of a value. This is the same as calculating `log(x, 2)`.",examples:["log2(0.03125)","log2(16)","log2(16) / log2(2)","pow(2, 4)"],seealso:["exp","log1p","log","log10"]},log1p:{name:"log1p",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["log1p(x)","log1p(x, base)"],description:"Calculate the logarithm of a `value+1`",examples:["log1p(2.5)","exp(log1p(1.4))","pow(10, 4)","log1p(9999, 10)","log1p(9999) / log(10)"],seealso:["exp","log","log2","log10"]},log10:{name:"log10",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["log10(x)"],description:"Compute the 10-base logarithm of a value.",examples:["log10(0.00001)","log10(10000)","10 ^ 4","log(10000) / log(10)","log(10000, 10)"],seealso:["exp","log"]},mod:{name:"mod",category:"Operators",syntax:["x % y","x mod y","mod(x, y)"],description:"Calculates the modulus, the remainder of an integer division.",examples:["7 % 3","11 % 2","10 mod 4","isOdd(x) = x % 2","isOdd(2)","isOdd(3)"],seealso:["divide"]},multiply:{name:"multiply",category:"Operators",syntax:["x * y","multiply(x, y)"],description:"multiply two values.",examples:["a = 2.1 * 3.4","a / 3.4","2 * 3 + 4","2 * (3 + 4)","3 * 2.1 km"],seealso:["divide"]},norm:{name:"norm",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["norm(x)","norm(x, p)"],description:"Calculate the norm of a number, vector or matrix.",examples:["abs(-3.5)","norm(-3.5)","norm(3 - 4i)","norm([1, 2, -3], Infinity)","norm([1, 2, -3], -Infinity)","norm([3, 4], 2)","norm([[1, 2], [3, 4]], 1)",'norm([[1, 2], [3, 4]], "inf")','norm([[1, 2], [3, 4]], "fro")']},nthRoot:{name:"nthRoot",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["nthRoot(a)","nthRoot(a, root)"],description:'Calculate the nth root of a value. The principal nth root of a positive real number A, is the positive real solution of the equation "x^root = A".',examples:["4 ^ 3","nthRoot(64, 3)","nthRoot(9, 2)","sqrt(9)"],seealso:["nthRoots","pow","sqrt"]},nthRoots:{name:"nthRoots",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["nthRoots(A)","nthRoots(A, root)"],description:'Calculate the nth roots of a value. An nth root of a positive real number A, is a positive real solution of the equation "x^root = A". This function returns an array of complex values.',examples:["nthRoots(1)","nthRoots(1, 3)"],seealso:["sqrt","pow","nthRoot"]},pow:{name:"pow",category:"Operators",syntax:["x ^ y","pow(x, y)"],description:"Calculates the power of x to y, x^y.",examples:["2^3","2*2*2","1 + e ^ (pi * i)"],seealso:["multiply","nthRoot","nthRoots","sqrt"]},round:{name:"round",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["round(x)","round(x, n)"],description:"round a value towards the nearest integer.If x is complex, both real and imaginary part are rounded towards the nearest integer. When n is specified, the value is rounded to n decimals.",examples:["round(3.2)","round(3.8)","round(-4.2)","round(-4.8)","round(pi, 3)","round(123.45678, 2)"],seealso:["ceil","floor","fix"]},sign:{name:"sign",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["sign(x)"],description:"Compute the sign of a value. The sign of a value x is 1 when x>1, -1 when x<0, and 0 when x=0.",examples:["sign(3.5)","sign(-4.2)","sign(0)"],seealso:["abs"]},sqrt:{name:"sqrt",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["sqrt(x)"],description:"Compute the square root value. If x = y * y, then y is the square root of x.",examples:["sqrt(25)","5 * 5","sqrt(-1)"],seealso:["square","sqrtm","multiply","nthRoot","nthRoots","pow"]},sqrtm:{name:"sqrtm",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["sqrtm(x)"],description:"Calculate the principal square root of a square matrix. The principal square root matrix `X` of another matrix `A` is such that `X * X = A`.",examples:["sqrtm([[1, 2], [3, 4]])"],seealso:["sqrt","abs","square","multiply"]},square:{name:"square",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["square(x)"],description:"Compute the square of a value. The square of x is x * x.",examples:["square(3)","sqrt(9)","3^2","3 * 3"],seealso:["multiply","pow","sqrt","cube"]},subtract:{name:"subtract",category:"Operators",syntax:["x - y","subtract(x, y)"],description:"subtract two values.",examples:["a = 5.3 - 2","a + 2","2/3 - 1/6","2 * 3 - 3","2.1 km - 500m"],seealso:["add"]},unaryMinus:{name:"unaryMinus",category:"Operators",syntax:["-x","unaryMinus(x)"],description:"Inverse the sign of a value. Converts booleans and strings to numbers.",examples:["-4.5","-(-5.6)",'-"22"'],seealso:["add","subtract","unaryPlus"]},unaryPlus:{name:"unaryPlus",category:"Operators",syntax:["+x","unaryPlus(x)"],description:"Converts booleans and strings to numbers.",examples:["+true",'+"2"'],seealso:["add","subtract","unaryMinus"]},xgcd:{name:"xgcd",category:"Arithmetic",syntax:["xgcd(a, b)"],description:"Calculate the extended greatest common divisor for two values. The result is an array [d, x, y] with 3 entries, where d is the greatest common divisor, and d = x * a + y * b.",examples:["xgcd(8, 12)","gcd(8, 12)","xgcd(36163, 21199)"],seealso:["gcd","lcm"]},bitAnd:{name:"bitAnd",category:"Bitwise",syntax:["x & y","bitAnd(x, y)"],description:"Bitwise AND operation. Performs the logical AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits of the two given values by multiplying them. If both bits in the compared position are 1, the bit in the resulting binary representation is 1, otherwise, the result is 0",examples:["5 & 3","bitAnd(53, 131)","[1, 12, 31] & 42"],seealso:["bitNot","bitOr","bitXor","leftShift","rightArithShift","rightLogShift"]},bitNot:{name:"bitNot",category:"Bitwise",syntax:["~x","bitNot(x)"],description:"Bitwise NOT operation. Performs a logical negation on each bit of the given value. Bits that are 0 become 1, and those that are 1 become 0.",examples:["~1","~2","bitNot([2, -3, 4])"],seealso:["bitAnd","bitOr","bitXor","leftShift","rightArithShift","rightLogShift"]},bitOr:{name:"bitOr",category:"Bitwise",syntax:["x | y","bitOr(x, y)"],description:"Bitwise OR operation. Performs the logical inclusive OR operation on each pair of corresponding bits of the two given values. The result in each position is 1 if the first bit is 1 or the second bit is 1 or both bits are 1, otherwise, the result is 0.",examples:["5 | 3","bitOr([1, 2, 3], 4)"],seealso:["bitAnd","bitNot","bitXor","leftShift","rightArithShift","rightLogShift"]},bitXor:{name:"bitXor",category:"Bitwise",syntax:["bitXor(x, y)"],description:"Bitwise XOR operation, exclusive OR. Performs the logical exclusive OR operation on each pair of corresponding bits of the two given values. The result in each position is 1 if only the first bit is 1 or only the second bit is 1, but will be 0 if both are 0 or both are 1.",examples:["bitOr(1, 2)","bitXor([2, 3, 4], 4)"],seealso:["bitAnd","bitNot","bitOr","leftShift","rightArithShift","rightLogShift"]},leftShift:{name:"leftShift",category:"Bitwise",syntax:["x << y","leftShift(x, y)"],description:"Bitwise left logical shift of a value x by y number of bits.",examples:["4 << 1","8 >> 1"],seealso:["bitAnd","bitNot","bitOr","bitXor","rightArithShift","rightLogShift"]},rightArithShift:{name:"rightArithShift",category:"Bitwise",syntax:["x >> y","rightArithShift(x, y)"],description:"Bitwise right arithmetic shift of a value x by y number of bits.",examples:["8 >> 1","4 << 1","-12 >> 2"],seealso:["bitAnd","bitNot","bitOr","bitXor","leftShift","rightLogShift"]},rightLogShift:{name:"rightLogShift",category:"Bitwise",syntax:["x >>> y","rightLogShift(x, y)"],description:"Bitwise right logical shift of a value x by y number of bits.",examples:["8 >>> 1","4 << 1","-12 >>> 2"],seealso:["bitAnd","bitNot","bitOr","bitXor","leftShift","rightArithShift"]},bellNumbers:{name:"bellNumbers",category:"Combinatorics",syntax:["bellNumbers(n)"],description:"The Bell Numbers count the number of partitions of a set. A partition is a pairwise disjoint subset of S whose union is S. `bellNumbers` only takes integer arguments. The following condition must be enforced: n >= 0.",examples:["bellNumbers(3)","bellNumbers(8)"],seealso:["stirlingS2"]},catalan:{name:"catalan",category:"Combinatorics",syntax:["catalan(n)"],description:"The Catalan Numbers enumerate combinatorial structures of many different types. catalan only takes integer arguments. The following condition must be enforced: n >= 0.",examples:["catalan(3)","catalan(8)"],seealso:["bellNumbers"]},composition:{name:"composition",category:"Combinatorics",syntax:["composition(n, k)"],description:"The composition counts of n into k parts. composition only takes integer arguments. The following condition must be enforced: k <= n.",examples:["composition(5, 3)"],seealso:["combinations"]},stirlingS2:{name:"stirlingS2",category:"Combinatorics",syntax:["stirlingS2(n, k)"],description:"he Stirling numbers of the second kind, counts the number of ways to partition a set of n labelled objects into k nonempty unlabelled subsets. `stirlingS2` only takes integer arguments. The following condition must be enforced: k <= n. If n = k or k = 1, then s(n,k) = 1.",examples:["stirlingS2(5, 3)"],seealso:["bellNumbers"]},config:{name:"config",category:"Core",syntax:["config()","config(options)"],description:"Get configuration or change configuration.",examples:["config()","1/3 + 1/4",'config({number: "Fraction"})',"1/3 + 1/4"],seealso:[]},import:{name:"import",category:"Core",syntax:["import(functions)","import(functions, options)"],description:"Import functions or constants from an object.",examples:["import({myFn: f(x)=x^2, myConstant: 32 })","myFn(2)","myConstant"],seealso:[]},typed:{name:"typed",category:"Core",syntax:["typed(signatures)","typed(name, signatures)"],description:"Create a typed function.",examples:['double = typed({ "number, number": f(x)=x+x })',"double(2)",'double("hello")'],seealso:[]},arg:{name:"arg",category:"Complex",syntax:["arg(x)"],description:"Compute the argument of a complex value. If x = a+bi, the argument is computed as atan2(b, a).",examples:["arg(2 + 2i)","atan2(3, 2)","arg(2 + 3i)"],seealso:["re","im","conj","abs"]},conj:{name:"conj",category:"Complex",syntax:["conj(x)"],description:"Compute the complex conjugate of a complex value. If x = a+bi, the complex conjugate is a-bi.",examples:["conj(2 + 3i)","conj(2 - 3i)","conj(-5.2i)"],seealso:["re","im","abs","arg"]},re:{name:"re",category:"Complex",syntax:["re(x)"],description:"Get the real part of a complex number.",examples:["re(2 + 3i)","im(2 + 3i)","re(-5.2i)","re(2.4)"],seealso:["im","conj","abs","arg"]},im:{name:"im",category:"Complex",syntax:["im(x)"],description:"Get the imaginary part of a complex number.",examples:["im(2 + 3i)","re(2 + 3i)","im(-5.2i)","im(2.4)"],seealso:["re","conj","abs","arg"]},evaluate:{name:"evaluate",category:"Expression",syntax:["evaluate(expression)","evaluate([expr1, expr2, expr3, ...])"],description:"Evaluate an expression or an array with expressions.",examples:['evaluate("2 + 3")','evaluate("sqrt(" + 4 + ")")'],seealso:[]},help:{name:"help",category:"Expression",syntax:["help(object)","help(string)"],description:"Display documentation on a function or data type.",examples:["help(sqrt)",'help("complex")'],seealso:[]},distance:{name:"distance",category:"Geometry",syntax:["distance([x1, y1], [x2, y2])","distance([[x1, y1], [x2, y2]])"],description:"Calculates the Euclidean distance between two points.",examples:["distance([0,0], [4,4])","distance([[0,0], [4,4]])"],seealso:[]},intersect:{name:"intersect",category:"Geometry",syntax:["intersect(expr1, expr2, expr3, expr4)","intersect(expr1, expr2, expr3)"],description:"Computes the intersection point of lines and/or planes.",examples:["intersect([0, 0], [10, 10], [10, 0], [0, 10])","intersect([1, 0, 1], [4, -2, 2], [1, 1, 1, 6])"],seealso:[]},and:{name:"and",category:"Logical",syntax:["x and y","and(x, y)"],description:"Logical and. Test whether two values are both defined with a nonzero/nonempty value.",examples:["true and false","true and true","2 and 4"],seealso:["not","or","xor"]},not:{name:"not",category:"Logical",syntax:["not x","not(x)"],description:"Logical not. Flips the boolean value of given argument.",examples:["not true","not false","not 2","not 0"],seealso:["and","or","xor"]},or:{name:"or",category:"Logical",syntax:["x or y","or(x, y)"],description:"Logical or. Test if at least one value is defined with a nonzero/nonempty value.",examples:["true or false","false or false","0 or 4"],seealso:["not","and","xor"]},xor:{name:"xor",category:"Logical",syntax:["x xor y","xor(x, y)"],description:"Logical exclusive or, xor. Test whether one and only one value is defined with a nonzero/nonempty value.",examples:["true xor false","false xor false","true xor true","0 xor 4"],seealso:["not","and","or"]},concat:{name:"concat",category:"Matrix",syntax:["concat(A, B, C, ...)","concat(A, B, C, ..., dim)"],description:"Concatenate matrices. By default, the matrices are concatenated by the last dimension. The dimension on which to concatenate can be provided as last argument.",examples:["A = [1, 2; 5, 6]","B = [3, 4; 7, 8]","concat(A, B)","concat(A, B, 1)","concat(A, B, 2)"],seealso:["det","diag","identity","inv","ones","range","size","squeeze","subset","trace","transpose","zeros"]},cross:{name:"cross",category:"Matrix",syntax:["cross(A, B)"],description:"Calculate the cross product for two vectors in three dimensional space.",examples:["cross([1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1])","cross([3, -3, 1], [4, 9, 2])","cross([2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7])"],seealso:["multiply","dot"]},column:{name:"column",category:"Matrix",syntax:["column(x, index)"],description:"Return a column from a matrix or array.",examples:["A = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]","column(A, 1)","column(A, 2)"],seealso:["row"]},ctranspose:{name:"ctranspose",category:"Matrix",syntax:["x'","ctranspose(x)"],description:"Complex Conjugate and Transpose a matrix",examples:["a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]","a'","ctranspose(a)"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","identity","inv","ones","range","size","squeeze","subset","trace","zeros"]},det:{name:"det",category:"Matrix",syntax:["det(x)"],description:"Calculate the determinant of a matrix",examples:["det([1, 2; 3, 4])","det([-2, 2, 3; -1, 1, 3; 2, 0, -1])"],seealso:["concat","diag","identity","inv","ones","range","size","squeeze","subset","trace","transpose","zeros"]},diag:{name:"diag",category:"Matrix",syntax:["diag(x)","diag(x, k)"],description:"Create a diagonal matrix or retrieve the diagonal of a matrix. When x is a vector, a matrix with the vector values on the diagonal will be returned. When x is a matrix, a vector with the diagonal values of the matrix is returned. When k is provided, the k-th diagonal will be filled in or retrieved, if k is positive, the values are placed on the super diagonal. When k is negative, the values are placed on the sub diagonal.",examples:["diag(1:3)","diag(1:3, 1)","a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9]","diag(a)"],seealso:["concat","det","identity","inv","ones","range","size","squeeze","subset","trace","transpose","zeros"]},diff:{name:"diff",category:"Matrix",syntax:["diff(arr)","diff(arr, dim)"],description:["Create a new matrix or array with the difference of the passed matrix or array.","Dim parameter is optional and used to indicant the dimension of the array/matrix to apply the difference","If no dimension parameter is passed it is assumed as dimension 0","Dimension is zero-based in javascript and one-based in the parser","Arrays must be 'rectangular' meaning arrays like [1, 2]","If something is passed as a matrix it will be returned as a matrix but other than that all matrices are converted to arrays"],examples:["diff([1, 2, 4, 7, 0])","diff([1, 2, 4, 7, 0], 0)","diff(matrix([1, 2, 4, 7, 0]))","diff([[1, 2], [3, 4]])","diff([[1, 2], [3, 4]], 0)","diff([[1, 2], [3, 4]], 1)","diff([[1, 2], [3, 4]], bignumber(1))","diff(matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]]), 1)","diff([[1, 2], matrix([3, 4])], 1)"],seealso:["subtract","partitionSelect"]},dot:{name:"dot",category:"Matrix",syntax:["dot(A, B)","A * B"],description:"Calculate the dot product of two vectors. The dot product of A = [a1, a2, a3, ..., an] and B = [b1, b2, b3, ..., bn] is defined as dot(A, B) = a1 * b1 + a2 * b2 + a3 * b3 + ... + an * bn",examples:["dot([2, 4, 1], [2, 2, 3])","[2, 4, 1] * [2, 2, 3]"],seealso:["multiply","cross"]},getMatrixDataType:{name:"getMatrixDataType",category:"Matrix",syntax:["getMatrixDataType(x)"],description:'Find the data type of all elements in a matrix or array, for example "number" if all items are a number and "Complex" if all values are complex numbers. If a matrix contains more than one data type, it will return "mixed".',examples:["getMatrixDataType([1, 2, 3])","getMatrixDataType([[5 cm], [2 inch]])",'getMatrixDataType([1, "text"])',"getMatrixDataType([1, bignumber(4)])"],seealso:["matrix","sparse","typeOf"]},identity:{name:"identity",category:"Matrix",syntax:["identity(n)","identity(m, n)","identity([m, n])"],description:"Returns the identity matrix with size m-by-n. The matrix has ones on the diagonal and zeros elsewhere.",examples:["identity(3)","identity(3, 5)","a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]","identity(size(a))"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","inv","ones","range","size","squeeze","subset","trace","transpose","zeros"]},filter:{name:"filter",category:"Matrix",syntax:["filter(x, test)"],description:"Filter items in a matrix.",examples:["isPositive(x) = x > 0","filter([6, -2, -1, 4, 3], isPositive)","filter([6, -2, 0, 1, 0], x != 0)"],seealso:["sort","map","forEach"]},flatten:{name:"flatten",category:"Matrix",syntax:["flatten(x)"],description:"Flatten a multi dimensional matrix into a single dimensional matrix.",examples:["a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]","size(a)","b = flatten(a)","size(b)"],seealso:["concat","resize","size","squeeze"]},forEach:{name:"forEach",category:"Matrix",syntax:["forEach(x, callback)"],description:"Iterates over all elements of a matrix/array, and executes the given callback function.",examples:["forEach([1, 2, 3], function(val) { console.log(val) })"],seealso:["map","sort","filter"]},inv:{name:"inv",category:"Matrix",syntax:["inv(x)"],description:"Calculate the inverse of a matrix",examples:["inv([1, 2; 3, 4])","inv(4)","1 / 4"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","identity","ones","range","size","squeeze","subset","trace","transpose","zeros"]},eigs:{name:"eigs",category:"Matrix",syntax:["eigs(x)"],description:"Calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix",examples:["eigs([[5, 2.3], [2.3, 1]])"],seealso:["inv"]},kron:{name:"kron",category:"Matrix",syntax:["kron(x, y)"],description:"Calculates the kronecker product of 2 matrices or vectors.",examples:["kron([[1, 0], [0, 1]], [[1, 2], [3, 4]])","kron([1,1], [2,3,4])"],seealso:["multiply","dot","cross"]},map:{name:"map",category:"Matrix",syntax:["map(x, callback)"],description:"Create a new matrix or array with the results of the callback function executed on each entry of the matrix/array.",examples:["map([1, 2, 3], square)"],seealso:["filter","forEach"]},ones:{name:"ones",category:"Matrix",syntax:["ones(m)","ones(m, n)","ones(m, n, p, ...)","ones([m])","ones([m, n])","ones([m, n, p, ...])"],description:"Create a matrix containing ones.",examples:["ones(3)","ones(3, 5)","ones([2,3]) * 4.5","a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]","ones(size(a))"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","identity","inv","range","size","squeeze","subset","trace","transpose","zeros"]},partitionSelect:{name:"partitionSelect",category:"Matrix",syntax:["partitionSelect(x, k)","partitionSelect(x, k, compare)"],description:"Partition-based selection of an array or 1D matrix. Will find the kth smallest value, and mutates the input array. Uses Quickselect.",examples:["partitionSelect([5, 10, 1], 2)",'partitionSelect(["C", "B", "A", "D"], 1)'],seealso:["sort"]},range:{name:"range",category:"Type",syntax:["start:end","start:step:end","range(start, end)","range(start, end, step)","range(string)"],description:"Create a range. Lower bound of the range is included, upper bound is excluded.",examples:["1:5","3:-1:-3","range(3, 7)","range(0, 12, 2)",'range("4:10")',"a = [1, 2, 3, 4; 5, 6, 7, 8]","a[1:2, 1:2]"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","identity","inv","ones","size","squeeze","subset","trace","transpose","zeros"]},resize:{name:"resize",category:"Matrix",syntax:["resize(x, size)","resize(x, size, defaultValue)"],description:"Resize a matrix.",examples:["resize([1,2,3,4,5], [3])","resize([1,2,3], [5])","resize([1,2,3], [5], -1)","resize(2, [2, 3])",'resize("hello", [8], "!")'],seealso:["size","subset","squeeze","reshape"]},reshape:{name:"reshape",category:"Matrix",syntax:["reshape(x, sizes)"],description:"Reshape a multi dimensional array to fit the specified dimensions.",examples:["reshape([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [2, 3])","reshape([[1, 2], [3, 4]], [1, 4])","reshape([[1, 2], [3, 4]], [4])"],seealso:["size","squeeze","resize"]},rotate:{name:"rotate",category:"Matrix",syntax:["rotate(w, theta)","rotate(w, theta, v)"],description:"Returns a 2-D rotation matrix (2x2) for a given angle (in radians). Returns a 2-D rotation matrix (3x3) of a given angle (in radians) around given axis.",examples:["rotate([1, 0], math.pi / 2)",'rotate(matrix([1, 0]), unit("35deg"))','rotate([1, 0, 0], unit("90deg"), [0, 0, 1])','rotate(matrix([1, 0, 0]), unit("90deg"), matrix([0, 0, 1]))'],seealso:["matrix","rotationMatrix"]},rotationMatrix:{name:"rotationMatrix",category:"Matrix",syntax:["rotationMatrix(theta)","rotationMatrix(theta, v)","rotationMatrix(theta, v, format)"],description:"Returns a 2-D rotation matrix (2x2) for a given angle (in radians). Returns a 2-D rotation matrix (3x3) of a given angle (in radians) around given axis.",examples:["rotationMatrix(pi / 2)",'rotationMatrix(unit("45deg"), [0, 0, 1])','rotationMatrix(1, matrix([0, 0, 1]), "sparse")'],seealso:["cos","sin"]},row:{name:"row",category:"Matrix",syntax:["row(x, index)"],description:"Return a row from a matrix or array.",examples:["A = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]","row(A, 1)","row(A, 2)"],seealso:["column"]},size:{name:"size",category:"Matrix",syntax:["size(x)"],description:"Calculate the size of a matrix.",examples:["size(2.3)",'size("hello world")',"a = [1, 2; 3, 4; 5, 6]","size(a)","size(1:6)"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","identity","inv","ones","range","squeeze","subset","trace","transpose","zeros"]},sort:{name:"sort",category:"Matrix",syntax:["sort(x)","sort(x, compare)"],description:'Sort the items in a matrix. Compare can be a string "asc", "desc", "natural", or a custom sort function.',examples:["sort([5, 10, 1])",'sort(["C", "B", "A", "D"])',"sortByLength(a, b) = size(a)[1] - size(b)[1]",'sort(["Langdon", "Tom", "Sara"], sortByLength)','sort(["10", "1", "2"], "natural")'],seealso:["map","filter","forEach"]},squeeze:{name:"squeeze",category:"Matrix",syntax:["squeeze(x)"],description:"Remove inner and outer singleton dimensions from a matrix.",examples:["a = zeros(3,2,1)","size(squeeze(a))","b = zeros(1,1,3)","size(squeeze(b))"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","identity","inv","ones","range","size","subset","trace","transpose","zeros"]},subset:{name:"subset",category:"Matrix",syntax:["value(index)","value(index) = replacement","subset(value, [index])","subset(value, [index], replacement)"],description:"Get or set a subset of a matrix or string. Indexes are one-based. Both the ranges lower-bound and upper-bound are included.",examples:["d = [1, 2; 3, 4]","e = []","e[1, 1:2] = [5, 6]","e[2, :] = [7, 8]","f = d * e","f[2, 1]","f[:, 1]"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","identity","inv","ones","range","size","squeeze","trace","transpose","zeros"]},trace:{name:"trace",category:"Matrix",syntax:["trace(A)"],description:"Calculate the trace of a matrix: the sum of the elements on the main diagonal of a square matrix.",examples:["A = [1, 2, 3; -1, 2, 3; 2, 0, 3]","trace(A)"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","identity","inv","ones","range","size","squeeze","subset","transpose","zeros"]},transpose:{name:"transpose",category:"Matrix",syntax:["x'","transpose(x)"],description:"Transpose a matrix",examples:["a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]","a'","transpose(a)"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","identity","inv","ones","range","size","squeeze","subset","trace","zeros"]},zeros:{name:"zeros",category:"Matrix",syntax:["zeros(m)","zeros(m, n)","zeros(m, n, p, ...)","zeros([m])","zeros([m, n])","zeros([m, n, p, ...])"],description:"Create a matrix containing zeros.",examples:["zeros(3)","zeros(3, 5)","a = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]","zeros(size(a))"],seealso:["concat","det","diag","identity","inv","ones","range","size","squeeze","subset","trace","transpose"]},combinations:{name:"combinations",category:"Probability",syntax:["combinations(n, k)"],description:"Compute the number of combinations of n items taken k at a time",examples:["combinations(7, 5)"],seealso:["combinationsWithRep","permutations","factorial"]},combinationsWithRep:{name:"combinationsWithRep",category:"Probability",syntax:["combinationsWithRep(n, k)"],description:"Compute the number of combinations of n items taken k at a time with replacements.",examples:["combinationsWithRep(7, 5)"],seealso:["combinations","permutations","factorial"]},factorial:{name:"factorial",category:"Probability",syntax:["n!","factorial(n)"],description:"Compute the factorial of a value",examples:["5!","5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1","3!"],seealso:["combinations","combinationsWithRep","permutations","gamma"]},gamma:{name:"gamma",category:"Probability",syntax:["gamma(n)"],description:"Compute the gamma function. For small values, the Lanczos approximation is used, and for large values the extended Stirling approximation.",examples:["gamma(4)","3!","gamma(1/2)","sqrt(pi)"],seealso:["factorial"]},kldivergence:{name:"kldivergence",category:"Probability",syntax:["kldivergence(x, y)"],description:"Calculate the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between two distributions.",examples:["kldivergence([0.7,0.5,0.4], [0.2,0.9,0.5])"],seealso:[]},multinomial:{name:"multinomial",category:"Probability",syntax:["multinomial(A)"],description:"Multinomial Coefficients compute the number of ways of picking a1, a2, ..., ai unordered outcomes from `n` possibilities. multinomial takes one array of integers as an argument. The following condition must be enforced: every ai > 0.",examples:["multinomial([1, 2, 1])"],seealso:["combinations","factorial"]},permutations:{name:"permutations",category:"Probability",syntax:["permutations(n)","permutations(n, k)"],description:"Compute the number of permutations of n items taken k at a time",examples:["permutations(5)","permutations(5, 3)"],seealso:["combinations","combinationsWithRep","factorial"]},pickRandom:{name:"pickRandom",category:"Probability",syntax:["pickRandom(array)","pickRandom(array, number)","pickRandom(array, weights)","pickRandom(array, number, weights)","pickRandom(array, weights, number)"],description:"Pick a random entry from a given array.",examples:["pickRandom(0:10)","pickRandom([1, 3, 1, 6])","pickRandom([1, 3, 1, 6], 2)","pickRandom([1, 3, 1, 6], [2, 3, 2, 1])","pickRandom([1, 3, 1, 6], 2, [2, 3, 2, 1])","pickRandom([1, 3, 1, 6], [2, 3, 2, 1], 2)"],seealso:["random","randomInt"]},random:{name:"random",category:"Probability",syntax:["random()","random(max)","random(min, max)","random(size)","random(size, max)","random(size, min, max)"],description:"Return a random number.",examples:["random()","random(10, 20)","random([2, 3])"],seealso:["pickRandom","randomInt"]},randomInt:{name:"randomInt",category:"Probability",syntax:["randomInt(max)","randomInt(min, max)","randomInt(size)","randomInt(size, max)","randomInt(size, min, max)"],description:"Return a random integer number",examples:["randomInt(10, 20)","randomInt([2, 3], 10)"],seealso:["pickRandom","random"]},compare:{name:"compare",category:"Relational",syntax:["compare(x, y)"],description:"Compare two values. Returns 1 when x > y, -1 when x < y, and 0 when x == y.",examples:["compare(2, 3)","compare(3, 2)","compare(2, 2)","compare(5cm, 40mm)","compare(2, [1, 2, 3])"],seealso:["equal","unequal","smaller","smallerEq","largerEq","compareNatural","compareText"]},compareNatural:{name:"compareNatural",category:"Relational",syntax:["compareNatural(x, y)"],description:"Compare two values of any type in a deterministic, natural way. Returns 1 when x > y, -1 when x < y, and 0 when x == y.",examples:["compareNatural(2, 3)","compareNatural(3, 2)","compareNatural(2, 2)","compareNatural(5cm, 40mm)",'compareNatural("2", "10")',"compareNatural(2 + 3i, 2 + 4i)","compareNatural([1, 2, 4], [1, 2, 3])","compareNatural([1, 5], [1, 2, 3])","compareNatural([1, 2], [1, 2])","compareNatural({a: 2}, {a: 4})"],seealso:["equal","unequal","smaller","smallerEq","largerEq","compare","compareText"]},compareText:{name:"compareText",category:"Relational",syntax:["compareText(x, y)"],description:"Compare two strings lexically. Comparison is case sensitive. Returns 1 when x > y, -1 when x < y, and 0 when x == y.",examples:['compareText("B", "A")','compareText("A", "B")','compareText("A", "A")','compareText("2", "10")','compare("2", "10")',"compare(2, 10)",'compareNatural("2", "10")','compareText("B", ["A", "B", "C"])'],seealso:["compare","compareNatural"]},deepEqual:{name:"deepEqual",category:"Relational",syntax:["deepEqual(x, y)"],description:"Check equality of two matrices element wise. Returns true if the size of both matrices is equal and when and each of the elements are equal.",examples:["deepEqual([1,3,4], [1,3,4])","deepEqual([1,3,4], [1,3])"],seealso:["equal","unequal","smaller","larger","smallerEq","largerEq","compare"]},equal:{name:"equal",category:"Relational",syntax:["x == y","equal(x, y)"],description:"Check equality of two values. Returns true if the values are equal, and false if not.",examples:["2+2 == 3","2+2 == 4","a = 3.2","b = 6-2.8","a == b","50cm == 0.5m"],seealso:["unequal","smaller","larger","smallerEq","largerEq","compare","deepEqual","equalText"]},equalText:{name:"equalText",category:"Relational",syntax:["equalText(x, y)"],description:"Check equality of two strings. Comparison is case sensitive. Returns true if the values are equal, and false if not.",examples:['equalText("Hello", "Hello")','equalText("a", "A")','equal("2e3", "2000")','equalText("2e3", "2000")','equalText("B", ["A", "B", "C"])'],seealso:["compare","compareNatural","compareText","equal"]},larger:{name:"larger",category:"Relational",syntax:["x > y","larger(x, y)"],description:"Check if value x is larger than y. Returns true if x is larger than y, and false if not.",examples:["2 > 3","5 > 2*2","a = 3.3","b = 6-2.8","(a > b)","(b < a)","5 cm > 2 inch"],seealso:["equal","unequal","smaller","smallerEq","largerEq","compare"]},largerEq:{name:"largerEq",category:"Relational",syntax:["x >= y","largerEq(x, y)"],description:"Check if value x is larger or equal to y. Returns true if x is larger or equal to y, and false if not.",examples:["2 >= 1+1","2 > 1+1","a = 3.2","b = 6-2.8","(a >= b)"],seealso:["equal","unequal","smallerEq","smaller","compare"]},smaller:{name:"smaller",category:"Relational",syntax:["x < y","smaller(x, y)"],description:"Check if value x is smaller than value y. Returns true if x is smaller than y, and false if not.",examples:["2 < 3","5 < 2*2","a = 3.3","b = 6-2.8","(a < b)","5 cm < 2 inch"],seealso:["equal","unequal","larger","smallerEq","largerEq","compare"]},smallerEq:{name:"smallerEq",category:"Relational",syntax:["x <= y","smallerEq(x, y)"],description:"Check if value x is smaller or equal to value y. Returns true if x is smaller than y, and false if not.",examples:["2 <= 1+1","2 < 1+1","a = 3.2","b = 6-2.8","(a <= b)"],seealso:["equal","unequal","larger","smaller","largerEq","compare"]},unequal:{name:"unequal",category:"Relational",syntax:["x != y","unequal(x, y)"],description:"Check unequality of two values. Returns true if the values are unequal, and false if they are equal.",examples:["2+2 != 3","2+2 != 4","a = 3.2","b = 6-2.8","a != b","50cm != 0.5m","5 cm != 2 inch"],seealso:["equal","smaller","larger","smallerEq","largerEq","compare","deepEqual"]},setCartesian:{name:"setCartesian",category:"Set",syntax:["setCartesian(set1, set2)"],description:"Create the cartesian product of two (multi)sets. Multi-dimension arrays will be converted to single-dimension arrays before the operation.",examples:["setCartesian([1, 2], [3, 4])"],seealso:["setUnion","setIntersect","setDifference","setPowerset"]},setDifference:{name:"setDifference",category:"Set",syntax:["setDifference(set1, set2)"],description:"Create the difference of two (multi)sets: every element of set1, that is not the element of set2. Multi-dimension arrays will be converted to single-dimension arrays before the operation.",examples:["setDifference([1, 2, 3, 4], [3, 4, 5, 6])","setDifference([[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[3, 4], [5, 6]])"],seealso:["setUnion","setIntersect","setSymDifference"]},setDistinct:{name:"setDistinct",category:"Set",syntax:["setDistinct(set)"],description:"Collect the distinct elements of a multiset. A multi-dimension array will be converted to a single-dimension array before the operation.",examples:["setDistinct([1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3])"],seealso:["setMultiplicity"]},setIntersect:{name:"setIntersect",category:"Set",syntax:["setIntersect(set1, set2)"],description:"Create the intersection of two (multi)sets. Multi-dimension arrays will be converted to single-dimension arrays before the operation.",examples:["setIntersect([1, 2, 3, 4], [3, 4, 5, 6])","setIntersect([[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[3, 4], [5, 6]])"],seealso:["setUnion","setDifference"]},setIsSubset:{name:"setIsSubset",category:"Set",syntax:["setIsSubset(set1, set2)"],description:"Check whether a (multi)set is a subset of another (multi)set: every element of set1 is the element of set2. Multi-dimension arrays will be converted to single-dimension arrays before the operation.",examples:["setIsSubset([1, 2], [3, 4, 5, 6])","setIsSubset([3, 4], [3, 4, 5, 6])"],seealso:["setUnion","setIntersect","setDifference"]},setMultiplicity:{name:"setMultiplicity",category:"Set",syntax:["setMultiplicity(element, set)"],description:"Count the multiplicity of an element in a multiset. A multi-dimension array will be converted to a single-dimension array before the operation.",examples:["setMultiplicity(1, [1, 2, 2, 4])","setMultiplicity(2, [1, 2, 2, 4])"],seealso:["setDistinct","setSize"]},setPowerset:{name:"setPowerset",category:"Set",syntax:["setPowerset(set)"],description:"Create the powerset of a (multi)set: the powerset contains very possible subsets of a (multi)set. A multi-dimension array will be converted to a single-dimension array before the operation.",examples:["setPowerset([1, 2, 3])"],seealso:["setCartesian"]},setSize:{name:"setSize",category:"Set",syntax:["setSize(set)","setSize(set, unique)"],description:'Count the number of elements of a (multi)set. When the second parameter "unique" is true, count only the unique values. A multi-dimension array will be converted to a single-dimension array before the operation.',examples:["setSize([1, 2, 2, 4])","setSize([1, 2, 2, 4], true)"],seealso:["setUnion","setIntersect","setDifference"]},setSymDifference:{name:"setSymDifference",category:"Set",syntax:["setSymDifference(set1, set2)"],description:"Create the symmetric difference of two (multi)sets. Multi-dimension arrays will be converted to single-dimension arrays before the operation.",examples:["setSymDifference([1, 2, 3, 4], [3, 4, 5, 6])","setSymDifference([[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[3, 4], [5, 6]])"],seealso:["setUnion","setIntersect","setDifference"]},setUnion:{name:"setUnion",category:"Set",syntax:["setUnion(set1, set2)"],description:"Create the union of two (multi)sets. Multi-dimension arrays will be converted to single-dimension arrays before the operation.",examples:["setUnion([1, 2, 3, 4], [3, 4, 5, 6])","setUnion([[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[3, 4], [5, 6]])"],seealso:["setIntersect","setDifference"]},erf:{name:"erf",category:"Special",syntax:["erf(x)"],description:"Compute the erf function of a value using a rational Chebyshev approximations for different intervals of x",examples:["erf(0.2)","erf(-0.5)","erf(4)"],seealso:[]},mad:{name:"mad",category:"Statistics",syntax:["mad(a, b, c, ...)","mad(A)"],description:"Compute the median absolute deviation of a matrix or a list with values. The median absolute deviation is defined as the median of the absolute deviations from the median.",examples:["mad(10, 20, 30)","mad([1, 2, 3])"],seealso:["mean","median","std","abs"]},max:{name:"max",category:"Statistics",syntax:["max(a, b, c, ...)","max(A)","max(A, dim)"],description:"Compute the maximum value of a list of values.",examples:["max(2, 3, 4, 1)","max([2, 3, 4, 1])","max([2, 5; 4, 3])","max([2, 5; 4, 3], 1)","max([2, 5; 4, 3], 2)","max(2.7, 7.1, -4.5, 2.0, 4.1)","min(2.7, 7.1, -4.5, 2.0, 4.1)"],seealso:["mean","median","min","prod","std","sum","variance"]},mean:{name:"mean",category:"Statistics",syntax:["mean(a, b, c, ...)","mean(A)","mean(A, dim)"],description:"Compute the arithmetic mean of a list of values.",examples:["mean(2, 3, 4, 1)","mean([2, 3, 4, 1])","mean([2, 5; 4, 3])","mean([2, 5; 4, 3], 1)","mean([2, 5; 4, 3], 2)","mean([1.0, 2.7, 3.2, 4.0])"],seealso:["max","median","min","prod","std","sum","variance"]},median:{name:"median",category:"Statistics",syntax:["median(a, b, c, ...)","median(A)"],description:"Compute the median of all values. The values are sorted and the middle value is returned. In case of an even number of values, the average of the two middle values is returned.",examples:["median(5, 2, 7)","median([3, -1, 5, 7])"],seealso:["max","mean","min","prod","std","sum","variance","quantileSeq"]},min:{name:"min",category:"Statistics",syntax:["min(a, b, c, ...)","min(A)","min(A, dim)"],description:"Compute the minimum value of a list of values.",examples:["min(2, 3, 4, 1)","min([2, 3, 4, 1])","min([2, 5; 4, 3])","min([2, 5; 4, 3], 1)","min([2, 5; 4, 3], 2)","min(2.7, 7.1, -4.5, 2.0, 4.1)","max(2.7, 7.1, -4.5, 2.0, 4.1)"],seealso:["max","mean","median","prod","std","sum","variance"]},mode:{name:"mode",category:"Statistics",syntax:["mode(a, b, c, ...)","mode(A)","mode(A, a, b, B, c, ...)"],description:"Computes the mode of all values as an array. In case mode being more than one, multiple values are returned in an array.",examples:["mode(2, 1, 4, 3, 1)","mode([1, 2.7, 3.2, 4, 2.7])","mode(1, 4, 6, 1, 6)"],seealso:["max","mean","min","median","prod","std","sum","variance"]},prod:{name:"prod",category:"Statistics",syntax:["prod(a, b, c, ...)","prod(A)"],description:"Compute the product of all values.",examples:["prod(2, 3, 4)","prod([2, 3, 4])","prod([2, 5; 4, 3])"],seealso:["max","mean","min","median","min","std","sum","variance"]},quantileSeq:{name:"quantileSeq",category:"Statistics",syntax:["quantileSeq(A, prob[, sorted])","quantileSeq(A, [prob1, prob2, ...][, sorted])","quantileSeq(A, N[, sorted])"],description:"Compute the prob order quantile of a matrix or a list with values. The sequence is sorted and the middle value is returned. Supported types of sequence values are: Number, BigNumber, Unit Supported types of probablity are: Number, BigNumber. \n\nIn case of a (multi dimensional) array or matrix, the prob order quantile of all elements will be calculated.",examples:["quantileSeq([3, -1, 5, 7], 0.5)","quantileSeq([3, -1, 5, 7], [1/3, 2/3])","quantileSeq([3, -1, 5, 7], 2)","quantileSeq([-1, 3, 5, 7], 0.5, true)"],seealso:["mean","median","min","max","prod","std","sum","variance"]},std:{name:"std",category:"Statistics",syntax:["std(a, b, c, ...)","std(A)","std(A, normalization)"],description:'Compute the standard deviation of all values, defined as std(A) = sqrt(variance(A)). Optional parameter normalization can be "unbiased" (default), "uncorrected", or "biased".',examples:["std(2, 4, 6)","std([2, 4, 6, 8])",'std([2, 4, 6, 8], "uncorrected")','std([2, 4, 6, 8], "biased")',"std([1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6])"],seealso:["max","mean","min","median","prod","sum","variance"]},sum:{name:"sum",category:"Statistics",syntax:["sum(a, b, c, ...)","sum(A)"],description:"Compute the sum of all values.",examples:["sum(2, 3, 4, 1)","sum([2, 3, 4, 1])","sum([2, 5; 4, 3])"],seealso:["max","mean","median","min","prod","std","sum","variance"]},variance:{name:"variance",category:"Statistics",syntax:["variance(a, b, c, ...)","variance(A)","variance(A, normalization)"],description:'Compute the variance of all values. Optional parameter normalization can be "unbiased" (default), "uncorrected", or "biased".',examples:["variance(2, 4, 6)","variance([2, 4, 6, 8])",'variance([2, 4, 6, 8], "uncorrected")','variance([2, 4, 6, 8], "biased")',"variance([1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6])"],seealso:["max","mean","min","median","min","prod","std","sum"]},acos:{name:"acos",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["acos(x)"],description:"Compute the inverse cosine of a value in radians.",examples:["acos(0.5)","acos(cos(2.3))"],seealso:["cos","atan","asin"]},acosh:{name:"acosh",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["acosh(x)"],description:"Calculate the hyperbolic arccos of a value, defined as `acosh(x) = ln(sqrt(x^2 - 1) + x)`.",examples:["acosh(1.5)"],seealso:["cosh","asinh","atanh"]},acot:{name:"acot",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["acot(x)"],description:"Calculate the inverse cotangent of a value.",examples:["acot(0.5)","acot(cot(0.5))","acot(2)"],seealso:["cot","atan"]},acoth:{name:"acoth",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["acoth(x)"],description:"Calculate the hyperbolic arccotangent of a value, defined as `acoth(x) = (ln((x+1)/x) + ln(x/(x-1))) / 2`.",examples:["acoth(2)","acoth(0.5)"],seealso:["acsch","asech"]},acsc:{name:"acsc",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["acsc(x)"],description:"Calculate the inverse cotangent of a value.",examples:["acsc(2)","acsc(csc(0.5))","acsc(0.5)"],seealso:["csc","asin","asec"]},acsch:{name:"acsch",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["acsch(x)"],description:"Calculate the hyperbolic arccosecant of a value, defined as `acsch(x) = ln(1/x + sqrt(1/x^2 + 1))`.",examples:["acsch(0.5)"],seealso:["asech","acoth"]},asec:{name:"asec",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["asec(x)"],description:"Calculate the inverse secant of a value.",examples:["asec(0.5)","asec(sec(0.5))","asec(2)"],seealso:["acos","acot","acsc"]},asech:{name:"asech",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["asech(x)"],description:"Calculate the inverse secant of a value.",examples:["asech(0.5)"],seealso:["acsch","acoth"]},asin:{name:"asin",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["asin(x)"],description:"Compute the inverse sine of a value in radians.",examples:["asin(0.5)","asin(sin(0.5))"],seealso:["sin","acos","atan"]},asinh:{name:"asinh",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["asinh(x)"],description:"Calculate the hyperbolic arcsine of a value, defined as `asinh(x) = ln(x + sqrt(x^2 + 1))`.",examples:["asinh(0.5)"],seealso:["acosh","atanh"]},atan:{name:"atan",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["atan(x)"],description:"Compute the inverse tangent of a value in radians.",examples:["atan(0.5)","atan(tan(0.5))"],seealso:["tan","acos","asin"]},atanh:{name:"atanh",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["atanh(x)"],description:"Calculate the hyperbolic arctangent of a value, defined as `atanh(x) = ln((1 + x)/(1 - x)) / 2`.",examples:["atanh(0.5)"],seealso:["acosh","asinh"]},atan2:{name:"atan2",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["atan2(y, x)"],description:"Computes the principal value of the arc tangent of y/x in radians.",examples:["atan2(2, 2) / pi","angle = 60 deg in rad","x = cos(angle)","y = sin(angle)","atan2(y, x)"],seealso:["sin","cos","tan"]},cos:{name:"cos",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["cos(x)"],description:"Compute the cosine of x in radians.",examples:["cos(2)","cos(pi / 4) ^ 2","cos(180 deg)","cos(60 deg)","sin(0.2)^2 + cos(0.2)^2"],seealso:["acos","sin","tan"]},cosh:{name:"cosh",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["cosh(x)"],description:"Compute the hyperbolic cosine of x in radians.",examples:["cosh(0.5)"],seealso:["sinh","tanh","coth"]},cot:{name:"cot",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["cot(x)"],description:"Compute the cotangent of x in radians. Defined as 1/tan(x)",examples:["cot(2)","1 / tan(2)"],seealso:["sec","csc","tan"]},coth:{name:"coth",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["coth(x)"],description:"Compute the hyperbolic cotangent of x in radians.",examples:["coth(2)","1 / tanh(2)"],seealso:["sech","csch","tanh"]},csc:{name:"csc",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["csc(x)"],description:"Compute the cosecant of x in radians. Defined as 1/sin(x)",examples:["csc(2)","1 / sin(2)"],seealso:["sec","cot","sin"]},csch:{name:"csch",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["csch(x)"],description:"Compute the hyperbolic cosecant of x in radians. Defined as 1/sinh(x)",examples:["csch(2)","1 / sinh(2)"],seealso:["sech","coth","sinh"]},sec:{name:"sec",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["sec(x)"],description:"Compute the secant of x in radians. Defined as 1/cos(x)",examples:["sec(2)","1 / cos(2)"],seealso:["cot","csc","cos"]},sech:{name:"sech",category:"Trigonometry",syntax:["sech(x)"],description:"Compute the hyperbolic secant of x in radians. 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m=e,h=o,d=l(m,t),y=l(h,s),g=l(c(d[0],y[1]),c(y[0],d[1]));if(p(n(g),r.epsilon))return null;var v=c(y[0],m[1]),x=c(y[1],m[0]),b=c(y[0],h[1]),w=c(y[1],h[0]),N=f(a(l(l(v,x),b),w),g);return i(u(d,N),m)}(e,t,o,s)}if(3===e.length){if(!y(e))throw new TypeError("Array with 3 numbers or BigNumbers expected for first argument");if(!y(t))throw new TypeError("Array with 3 numbers or BigNumbers expected for second argument");if(!y(o))throw new TypeError("Array with 3 numbers or BigNumbers expected for third argument");if(!y(s))throw new TypeError("Array with 3 numbers or BigNumbers expected for fourth argument");return h=e[0],v=e[1],x=e[2],b=t[0],w=t[1],N=t[2],M=o[0],S=o[1],E=o[2],A=s[0],O=s[1],C=s[2],_=g(h,M,A,M,v,S,O,S,x,E,C,E),T=g(A,M,b,h,O,S,w,v,C,E,N,x),q=g(h,M,b,h,v,S,w,v,x,E,N,x),z=g(A,M,A,M,O,S,O,S,C,E,C,E),I=g(b,h,b,h,w,v,w,v,N,x,N,x),B=f(l(c(_,T),c(q,z)),l(c(I,z),c(T,T))),k=f(a(_,c(B,T)),z),D=a(h,c(B,l(b,h))),R=a(v,c(B,l(w,v))),j=a(x,c(B,l(N,x))),P=a(M,c(k,l(A,M))),U=a(S,c(k,l(O,S))),F=a(E,c(k,l(C,E))),m(D,P)&&m(R,U)&&m(j,F)?[D,R,j]:null}throw new TypeError("Arrays with two or thee dimensional points expected");var h,v,x,b,w,N,M,S,E,A,O,C,_,T,q,z,I,B,k,D,R,j,P,U,F},"Matrix, Matrix, Matrix":function(e,t,r){return s(this(e.valueOf(),t.valueOf(),r.valueOf()))},"Matrix, Matrix, Matrix, Matrix":function(e,t,r,n){return s(this(e.valueOf(),t.valueOf(),r.valueOf(),n.valueOf()))}});function h(e){return"number"==typeof e||o(e)}function d(e){return 2===e.length&&h(e[0])&&h(e[1])}function y(e){return 3===e.length&&h(e[0])&&h(e[1])&&h(e[2])}function g(e,t,r,n,i,o,s,u,f,p,m,h){var d=c(l(e,t),l(r,n)),y=c(l(i,o),l(s,u)),g=c(l(f,p),l(m,h));return a(a(d,y),g)}})),Pu=Xe("sum",["typed","config","add","numeric"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.config,n=e.add,i=e.numeric;return t("sum",{"Array | Matrix":a,"Array | Matrix, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){try{return Mt(e,t,n)}catch(e){throw Hi(e,"sum")}},"...":function(e){if(bt(e))throw new TypeError("Scalar values expected in function sum");return a(e)}});function a(e){var t;return wt(e,(function(e){try{t=void 0===t?e:n(t,e)}catch(t){throw Hi(t,"sum",e)}})),void 0===t&&(t=i(0,r.number)),"string"==typeof t&&(t=i(t,r.number)),t}})),Uu=Xe("mean",["typed","add","divide"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.add,n=e.divide;return t("mean",{"Array | Matrix":i,"Array | Matrix, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){try{var i=Mt(e,t,r),a=Array.isArray(e)?Ee(e):e.size();return n(i,a[t])}catch(e){throw Hi(e,"mean")}},"...":function(e){if(bt(e))throw new TypeError("Scalar values expected in function mean");return i(e)}});function i(e){var t,i=0;if(wt(e,(function(e){try{t=void 0===t?e:r(t,e),i++}catch(t){throw Hi(t,"mean",e)}})),0===i)throw new Error("Cannot calculate the mean of an empty array");return n(t,i)}})),Fu=Xe("median",["typed","add","divide","compare","partitionSelect"],(function(e){var t=e.typed,r=e.add,n=e.divide,i=e.compare,a=e.partitionSelect;function o(e){try{var t=(e=ze(e.valueOf())).length;if(0===t)throw new Error("Cannot calculate median of an empty array");if(t%2==0){for(var r=t/2-1,n=a(e,r+1),o=e[r],c=0;c<r;++c)i(e[c],o)>0&&(o=e[c]);return u(o,n)}var f=a(e,(t-1)/2);return s(f)}catch(e){throw Hi(e,"median")}}var s=t({"number | BigNumber | Complex | Unit":function(e){return e}}),u=t({"number | BigNumber | Complex | Unit, number | BigNumber | Complex | Unit":function(e,t){return n(r(e,t),2)}});return t("median",{"Array | Matrix":o,"Array | Matrix, number | BigNumber":function(e,t){throw new Error("median(A, dim) is not yet supported")},"...":function(e){if(bt(e))throw new TypeError("Scalar values 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