diff --git a/include/mapnik/xml_tree.hpp b/include/mapnik/xml_tree.hpp
index 29a1f02cb..68d980b28 100644
--- a/include/mapnik/xml_tree.hpp
+++ b/include/mapnik/xml_tree.hpp
@@ -26,11 +26,9 @@
 // mapnik
 #include <mapnik/xml_node.hpp>
 #include <mapnik/expression.hpp>
-#include <mapnik/unicode.hpp>
 
 //stl
 #include <string>
-#include <memory>
 
 namespace mapnik
 {
@@ -46,10 +44,8 @@ public:
 private:
     xml_node node_;
     std::string file_;
-    transcoder tr_;
 public:
     mutable std::map<std::string,mapnik::expression_ptr> expr_cache_;
-
 };
 
 } //ns mapnik
diff --git a/plugins/input/csv/csv_datasource.cpp b/plugins/input/csv/csv_datasource.cpp
index 86d5d9847..fe78abad3 100644
--- a/plugins/input/csv/csv_datasource.cpp
+++ b/plugins/input/csv/csv_datasource.cpp
@@ -423,8 +423,6 @@ void csv_datasource::parse_csv(T & stream,
     }
 
     mapnik::transcoder tr(desc_.get_encoding());
-    //mapnik::wkt_parser parse_wkt;
-    //mapnik::json::geometry_parser<std::string::const_iterator> parse_json;
 
     // handle rare case of a single line of data and user-provided headers
     // where a lack of a newline will mean that std::getline returns false
diff --git a/src/color_factory.cpp b/src/color_factory.cpp
index b23e6be37..28945a20c 100644
--- a/src/color_factory.cpp
+++ b/src/color_factory.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace mapnik {
 
 color parse_color(std::string const& str)
 {
-    static css_color_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> g;
+    static const css_color_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> g;
     return parse_color(str, g);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/expression.cpp b/src/expression.cpp
index f32f9448e..3067b3251 100644
--- a/src/expression.cpp
+++ b/src/expression.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace mapnik
 
 expression_ptr parse_expression(std::string const& str, std::string const& encoding)
 {
-    static expression_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> g;
+    static const expression_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> g;
     return parse_expression(str, g);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/image_filter_types.cpp b/src/image_filter_types.cpp
index 201564dc6..eb53b1661 100644
--- a/src/image_filter_types.cpp
+++ b/src/image_filter_types.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ bool parse_image_filters(std::string const& filters, std::vector<filter_type>& i
 {
     std::string::const_iterator itr = filters.begin();
     std::string::const_iterator end = filters.end();
-    static mapnik::image_filter_grammar<std::string::const_iterator,
+    static const mapnik::image_filter_grammar<std::string::const_iterator,
                                  std::vector<mapnik::filter::filter_type> > filter_grammar;
     boost::spirit::qi::ascii::space_type space;
     bool r = boost::spirit::qi::phrase_parse(itr,end,
diff --git a/src/json/geometry_parser.cpp b/src/json/geometry_parser.cpp
index fbf9076c0..68ae65d8c 100644
--- a/src/json/geometry_parser.cpp
+++ b/src/json/geometry_parser.cpp
@@ -42,20 +42,21 @@ template <typename Iterator>
 geometry_parser<Iterator>::~geometry_parser() {}
 
 template <typename Iterator>
-bool geometry_parser<Iterator>::parse(iterator_type first, iterator_type last, boost::ptr_vector<mapnik::geometry_type>& path)
+bool geometry_parser<Iterator>::parse(iterator_type first, iterator_type last, boost::ptr_vector<mapnik::geometry_type>& paths)
 {
     using namespace boost::spirit;
     standard_wide::space_type space;
-    return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, (*grammar_)(boost::phoenix::ref(path)), space);
+    return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, (*grammar_)(boost::phoenix::ref(paths)), space);
 }
 
-
 bool from_geojson(std::string const& json, boost::ptr_vector<geometry_type> & paths)
 {
-    static geometry_parser<std::string::const_iterator> parser;
+    using namespace boost::spirit;
+    static const geometry_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> g;
+    standard_wide::space_type space;
     std::string::const_iterator start = json.begin();
     std::string::const_iterator end = json.end();
-    return parser.parse(start, end ,paths);
+    return qi::phrase_parse(start, end, (g)(boost::phoenix::ref(paths)), space);
 }
 
 template class geometry_parser<std::string::const_iterator> ;
diff --git a/src/parse_path.cpp b/src/parse_path.cpp
index 582ce4fab..7de8c2b3b 100644
--- a/src/parse_path.cpp
+++ b/src/parse_path.cpp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ namespace mapnik {
 
 path_expression_ptr parse_path(std::string const& str)
 {
-    static path_expression_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> g;
+    static const path_expression_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> g;
     return parse_path(str,g);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/parse_transform.cpp b/src/parse_transform.cpp
index 58fa617e6..0cc5e8af9 100644
--- a/src/parse_transform.cpp
+++ b/src/parse_transform.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ transform_list_ptr parse_transform(std::string const& str)
 transform_list_ptr parse_transform(std::string const& str, std::string const& encoding)
 {
     transform_list_ptr tl = std::make_shared<transform_list>();
-    static transform_expression_grammar_string gte;
+    static const transform_expression_grammar_string gte;
     if (!parse_transform(*tl, str, gte))
     {
         tl.reset();
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ transform_list_ptr parse_transform(std::string const& str, std::string const& en
 bool parse_transform(transform_list& tl,
                      std::string const& str)
 {
-    static transform_expression_grammar_string gte;
+    static const transform_expression_grammar_string gte;
     return parse_transform(tl, str, gte);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/wkt/wkt_factory.cpp b/src/wkt/wkt_factory.cpp
index 75368a893..f4963a5ec 100644
--- a/src/wkt/wkt_factory.cpp
+++ b/src/wkt/wkt_factory.cpp
@@ -47,8 +47,12 @@ bool wkt_parser::parse(std::string const& wkt, boost::ptr_vector<geometry_type>
 
 bool from_wkt(std::string const& wkt, boost::ptr_vector<geometry_type> & paths)
 {
-    static wkt_parser parser;
-    return parser.parse(wkt,paths);
+    using namespace boost::spirit;
+    static const mapnik::wkt::wkt_collection_grammar<std::string::const_iterator> g;
+    ascii::space_type space;
+    std::string::const_iterator first = wkt.begin();
+    std::string::const_iterator last =  wkt.end();
+    return qi::phrase_parse(first, last, g, space, paths);
 }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/xml_tree.cpp b/src/xml_tree.cpp
index 7b46e6573..34bc273d3 100644
--- a/src/xml_tree.cpp
+++ b/src/xml_tree.cpp
@@ -99,8 +99,7 @@ struct name_trait< mapnik::enumeration<ENUM, MAX> >
 
 xml_tree::xml_tree(std::string const& encoding)
     : node_(*this, "<root>"),
-      file_(),
-      tr_(encoding)
+      file_()
 {
     node_.set_processed(true); //root node is always processed
 }