Headless windows & Data pipeline (#119)

* Implement headless rendering

* Simplify window traits

* Simplify and fix headless rendering

* Rename HttpClient

* Ignore wasm-pack output

* Refactor stages and context

* Rename runnable to eventloop and fix variable names

* Fix tests

* Add pipeline draft

* Start implementing pipeline steps

* Use pipeline in headless rendering

* Improve the style significantly. The colors are taken from the default OSM map style

* Start working on a specific headless API

* Refactor thread state and pipeline

* Refactor thread state and pipeline

* Fix web

* Remove mem::replace usage

* Improve pipeline types

* Simplify pipeline API

* Add comment

* Fix tests

* Remove dynamic dispatch for schedule

* Add Run Test config

* Revive old legacy webworker example

* Fix resize detection

* Cleanup dependencies and simplify bounds

* Conditionally enable create_png

* Add some comments and rename

* Run more tests in CI

* Fix tests for various platforms

* Install missing dependency

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -7,4 +7,5 @@ rustflags = [
     # Enables the possibility to import memory into wasm.
     # Without --shared-memory it is not possible to use shared WebAssembly.Memory.
     "-C", "link-args=--shared-memory --import-memory",
-]
+]
+runner = 'wasm-bindgen-test-runner'

.github/actions/android/action.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ runs:
     - name: Build
       shell: bash
       run: just build-android
+      # TODO: Additional clippy checks for different targets
     - name: Check x86_64
       shell: bash
       run: |
@@ -24,3 +25,8 @@ runs:
         env "AR_aarch64-linux-android=$ANDROID_NDK_ROOT/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/llvm-ar" \
         env "CC_aarch64-linux-android=$ANDROID_NDK_ROOT/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android30-clang" \
         just check maplibre-android aarch64-linux-android
+    # FIXME: Requires cross-compilation
+    #- name: Test
+    #  shell: bash
+    #  # TODO: Additional test runs for different targets
+    #  run: just test maplibre-android aarch64-linux-android

.github/actions/apple/action.yml

@@ -22,10 +22,14 @@ runs:
     - name: Check x86_64 darwin
       shell: bash
       run: just check apple x86_64-apple-darwin
-    - name: Check aarch64 darwin
+    - name: Check x86_64 darwin
       shell: bash
-      run: just check apple aarch64-apple-darwin
-    # TODO: Additional clippy checks for iOS
+      # TODO: Additional clippy checks for different targets (iOS)
+      run: just check apple x86_64-apple-darwin
+    - name: Test x86_64 darwin
+      shell: bash
+      # TODO: Additional test runs for different targets (Different targets might require emulation)
+      run: just test apple x86_64-apple-darwin
     - name: Build Example
       shell: bash
       run: cd apple/xcode && xcodebuild -scheme "example (iOS)" -arch arm64 -sdk iphoneos build CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO

.github/actions/demo/linux/action.yml

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ runs:
     - name: Build
       shell: bash
       run: cargo build -p maplibre-demo
-    - name: Test
-      shell: bash
-      run: just test maplibre-demo x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
     - name: Check
       shell: bash
       run: just check maplibre-demo x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+    - name: Test x86_64 linux
+      shell: bash
+      run: just test maplibre-demo x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
     - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
       with:
         name: maplibre-rs

.github/actions/demo/macos/action.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ runs:
     - name: Build
       shell: bash
       run: cd apple/xcode && xcodebuild -scheme "example (macOS)" build CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.9 -derivedDataPath build
+    - name: Check x86_64 darwin
+      shell: bash
+      run: just check maplibre-demo x86_64-apple-darwin
+    - name: Test x86_64 darwin
+      shell: bash
+      run: just test maplibre-demo x86_64-apple-darwin
     - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
       with:
         name: maplibre-x86_64-apple-darwin-demo

.github/actions/demo/windows/action.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@ runs:
     - name: Build
       shell: bash
       run: cargo build -p maplibre-demo --release --target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-    - name: Test
+    - name: Check x86_64 windows
+      shell: bash
+      run: just check maplibre-demo x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+    - name: Test x86_64 windows
       shell: bash
       run: just test maplibre-demo x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
     - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3

.github/actions/tests/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+name: tests
+description: Run tests
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - uses: extractions/setup-just@v1
+    - name: Install toolchain
+      shell: bash
+      run: just default-toolchain
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v1
+    - name: Install Dependencies
+      shell: bash
+      run: sudo apt-get install -y libwayland-dev libxkbcommon-dev # Required for winit
+    - name: Test
+      shell: bash
+      # TODO: Additional test runs for different targets
+      run: just test maplibre x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

.github/actions/webgl/action.yml

@@ -18,3 +18,8 @@ runs:
     - name: Check
       shell: bash
       run: just check web wasm32-unknown-unknown
+    - name: Test
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        cargo install wasm-bindgen-cli --version "0.2.80"
+        just web-test "web-webgl"

.github/actions/webgpu/action.yml

@@ -17,4 +17,9 @@ runs:
       run: just web-demo build
     - name: Check
       shell: bash
-      run: just check web wasm32-unknown-unknown
+      run: just check web wasm32-unknown-unknown
+    - name: Test
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        cargo install wasm-bindgen-cli --version "0.2.80"
+        just web-test ""

.github/workflows/on_main_push.yml

@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       - uses: ./.github/actions/benchmarks
+  run-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/tests
   build-android:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
@@ -57,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
           source: docs/book/.
           destination: docs
           key: ${{ secrets.SSH_KEY_MAXAMMANN_ORG }}
-  build-ios:
+  build-apple:
     runs-on: macos-11
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2

.github/workflows/on_pull_request.yml

@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       - uses: ./.github/actions/benchmarks
+  run-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/tests
   build-android:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
@@ -37,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       - uses: ./.github/actions/docs
-  build-ios:
+  build-apple:
     runs-on: macos-11
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2

.idea/maplibre-rs.iml

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/target" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/docs/book" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/web/lib/.parcel-cache" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/web/lib/src/wasm-pack" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/maplibre-cache" />
     </content>
     <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
     <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
   </component>
-</module>
+</module>

.idea/runConfigurations/Run_Tests.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Run Tests" type="CargoCommandRunConfiguration" factoryName="Cargo Command">
+    <option name="command" value="test --package maplibre" />
+    <option name="workingDirectory" value="file://$PROJECT_DIR$" />
+    <option name="channel" value="DEFAULT" />
+    <option name="requiredFeatures" value="true" />
+    <option name="allFeatures" value="false" />
+    <option name="emulateTerminal" value="false" />
+    <option name="withSudo" value="false" />
+    <option name="buildTarget" value="REMOTE" />
+    <option name="backtrace" value="SHORT" />
+    <envs />
+    <option name="isRedirectInput" value="false" />
+    <option name="redirectInputPath" value="" />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="CARGO.BUILD_TASK_PROVIDER" enabled="true" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>

justfile

@@ -45,12 +45,18 @@ web-lib TARGET: nightly-toolchain (web-install "lib")
 web-demo TARGET: (web-install "demo")
   cd web/demo && npm run {{TARGET}}
 
+web-test FEATURES: nightly-toolchain
+  export RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN=$NIGHTLY_TOOLCHAIN && cargo test -p web --features "{{FEATURES}}" --target wasm32-unknown-unknown -Z build-std=std,panic_abort
+
 #profile-bench:
 # cargo flamegraph --bench render -- --bench
 
-build-android: print-android-env
+build-android: nightly-toolchain print-android-env
   export RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN=$NIGHTLY_TOOLCHAIN && cd android/gradle && ./gradlew assembleDebug
 
+test-android TARGET: nightly-toolchain print-android-env
+  export RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN=$NIGHTLY_TOOLCHAIN && cargo test -p maplibre-android --target {{TARGET}} -Z build-std=std,panic_abort
+
 # language=bash
 print-android-env:
   #!/usr/bin/env bash

maplibre-demo/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ trace = ["maplibre/trace", "tracing-subscriber", "tracing-tracy", "tracy-client"
 
 [dependencies]
 env_logger = "0.9"
-maplibre = { path = "../maplibre", version = "0.0.2"  }
+maplibre = { path = "../maplibre", version = "0.0.2", features = ["headless"]  }
 maplibre-winit = { path = "../maplibre-winit", version = "0.0.1"  }
 
 tracing = { version = "0.1" }

maplibre-demo/src/main.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,24 @@
+use maplibre::benchmarking::tessellation::{IndexDataType, OverAlignedVertexBuffer};
+use maplibre::coords::{WorldTileCoords, ZoomLevel};
+use maplibre::error::Error;
+use maplibre::io::pipeline::Processable;
+use maplibre::io::pipeline::{PipelineContext, PipelineProcessor};
+use maplibre::io::scheduler::ScheduleMethod;
+use maplibre::io::source_client::{HttpClient, HttpSourceClient};
+use maplibre::io::tile_pipelines::build_vector_tile_pipeline;
+use maplibre::io::tile_repository::StoredLayer;
+use maplibre::io::{RawLayer, TileRequest, TileRequestID};
+use maplibre::map_schedule::{EventuallyMapContext, InteractiveMapSchedule};
 use maplibre::platform::http_client::ReqwestHttpClient;
 use maplibre::platform::run_multithreaded;
 use maplibre::platform::schedule_method::TokioScheduleMethod;
+use maplibre::render::settings::{RendererSettings, TextureFormat};
+use maplibre::render::ShaderVertex;
+use maplibre::window::{EventLoop, MapWindow, MapWindowConfig, WindowSize};
 use maplibre::MapBuilder;
 use maplibre_winit::winit::{WinitEventLoop, WinitMapWindow, WinitMapWindowConfig, WinitWindow};
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "trace")]
 fn enable_tracing() {
@@ -13,6 +29,27 @@ fn enable_tracing() {
 
     tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(subscriber).expect("setting default subscriber failed");
 }
+pub struct HeadlessMapWindowConfig {
+    size: WindowSize,
+}
+
+impl MapWindowConfig for HeadlessMapWindowConfig {
+    type MapWindow = HeadlessMapWindow;
+
+    fn create(&self) -> Self::MapWindow {
+        Self::MapWindow { size: self.size }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct HeadlessMapWindow {
+    size: WindowSize,
+}
+
+impl MapWindow for HeadlessMapWindow {
+    fn size(&self) -> WindowSize {
+        self.size
+    }
+}
 
 fn run_in_window() {
     run_multithreaded(async {
@@ -27,11 +64,99 @@ fn run_in_window() {
     })
 }
 
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct HeadlessPipelineProcessor {
+    layers: Vec<StoredLayer>,
+}
+
+impl PipelineProcessor for HeadlessPipelineProcessor {
+    fn layer_tesselation_finished(
+        &mut self,
+        coords: &WorldTileCoords,
+        buffer: OverAlignedVertexBuffer<ShaderVertex, IndexDataType>,
+        feature_indices: Vec<u32>,
+        layer_data: RawLayer,
+    ) {
+        self.layers.push(StoredLayer::TessellatedLayer {
+            coords: *coords,
+            buffer,
+            feature_indices,
+            layer_data,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn run_headless() {
+    run_multithreaded(async {
+        let mut map = MapBuilder::new()
+            .with_map_window_config(HeadlessMapWindowConfig {
+                size: WindowSize::new(1000, 1000).unwrap(),
+            })
+            .with_http_client(ReqwestHttpClient::new(None))
+            .with_schedule_method(TokioScheduleMethod::new())
+            .with_renderer_settings(RendererSettings {
+                texture_format: TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
+                ..RendererSettings::default()
+            })
+            .build()
+            .initialize_headless()
+            .await;
+
+        let http_source_client: HttpSourceClient<ReqwestHttpClient> =
+            HttpSourceClient::new(ReqwestHttpClient::new(None));
+
+        let coords = WorldTileCoords::from((0, 0, ZoomLevel::default()));
+        let request_id = 0;
+
+        let data = http_source_client
+            .fetch(&coords)
+            .await
+            .unwrap()
+            .into_boxed_slice();
+
+        let processor = HeadlessPipelineProcessor::default();
+        let mut pipeline_context = PipelineContext::new(processor);
+        let pipeline = build_vector_tile_pipeline();
+        pipeline.process(
+            (
+                TileRequest {
+                    coords,
+                    layers: HashSet::from(["boundary".to_owned(), "water".to_owned()]),
+                },
+                request_id,
+                data,
+            ),
+            &mut pipeline_context,
+        );
+
+        let mut processor = pipeline_context
+            .take_processor::<HeadlessPipelineProcessor>()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        while let Some(v) = processor.layers.pop() {
+            map.map_schedule_mut()
+                .map_context
+                .tile_repository
+                .put_tessellated_layer(v);
+        }
+
+        match map.map_schedule_mut().update_and_redraw() {
+            Ok(_) => {}
+            Err(Error::Render(e)) => {
+                eprintln!("{}", e);
+                if e.should_exit() {}
+            }
+            e => eprintln!("{:?}", e),
+        };
+    })
+}
+
 fn main() {
     env_logger::init_from_env(env_logger::Env::default().default_filter_or("info"));
 
     #[cfg(feature = "trace")]
     enable_tracing();
 
-    run_in_window()
+    //run_headless();
+    run_in_window();
 }

maplibre-winit/src/winit/mod.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 use instant::Instant;
 use maplibre::error::Error;
 use maplibre::io::scheduler::ScheduleMethod;
-use maplibre::io::source_client::HTTPClient;
+use maplibre::io::source_client::HttpClient;
 use std::borrow::BorrowMut;
 use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
 use winit::event_loop::ControlFlow;
 
 use crate::input::{InputController, UpdateState};
-use maplibre::map_schedule::MapSchedule;
-use maplibre::window::{MapWindow, MapWindowConfig, Runnable};
+use maplibre::map_schedule::InteractiveMapSchedule;
+use maplibre::window::{EventLoop, HeadedMapWindow, MapWindow, MapWindowConfig};
 use winit::event::Event;
 
 #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
@@ -47,10 +47,6 @@ impl WinitMapWindowConfig {
     }
 }
 
-impl MapWindowConfig for WinitMapWindowConfig {
-    type MapWindow = WinitMapWindow;
-}
-
 pub struct WinitMapWindow {
     window: WinitWindow,
     event_loop: Option<WinitEventLoop>,
@@ -69,13 +65,17 @@ impl WinitMapWindow {
 ///* Input (Mouse/Keyboard)
 ///* Platform Events like suspend/resume
 ///* Render a new frame
-impl<MWC, SM, HC> Runnable<MWC, SM, HC> for WinitMapWindow
+impl<MWC, SM, HC> EventLoop<MWC, SM, HC> for WinitMapWindow
 where
     MWC: MapWindowConfig<MapWindow = WinitMapWindow>,
     SM: ScheduleMethod,
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
-    fn run(mut self, mut map_state: MapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>, max_frames: Option<u64>) {
+    fn run(
+        mut self,
+        mut map_schedule: InteractiveMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>,
+        max_frames: Option<u64>,
+    ) {
         let mut last_render_time = Instant::now();
         let mut current_frame: u64 = 0;
 
@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@ where
             .unwrap()
             .run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
                 #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-                if !map_state.is_initialized() && event == Event::Resumed {
+                if !map_schedule.is_initialized() && event == Event::Resumed {
                     use tokio::runtime::Handle;
                     use tokio::task;
 
                     let state = task::block_in_place(|| {
                         Handle::current().block_on(async {
-                            map_state.late_init().await;
+                            map_schedule.late_init().await;
                         })
                     });
                     return;
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@ where
                                 ..
                             } => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
                             WindowEvent::Resized(physical_size) => {
-                                map_state.resize(physical_size.width, physical_size.height);
+                                map_schedule.resize(physical_size.width, physical_size.height);
                             }
                             WindowEvent::ScaleFactorChanged { new_inner_size, .. } => {
-                                map_state.resize(new_inner_size.width, new_inner_size.height);
+                                map_schedule.resize(new_inner_size.width, new_inner_size.height);
                             }
                             _ => {}
                         }
@@ -136,11 +136,9 @@ where
                     let dt = now - last_render_time;
                     last_render_time = now;
 
-                    {
-                        input_controller.update_state(map_state.view_state_mut(), dt);
-                    }
+                    input_controller.update_state(map_schedule.view_state_mut(), dt);
 
-                    match map_state.update_and_redraw() {
+                    match map_schedule.update_and_redraw() {
                         Ok(_) => {}
                         Err(Error::Render(e)) => {
                             eprintln!("{}", e);
@@ -161,10 +159,10 @@ where
                     }
                 }
                 Event::Suspended => {
-                    map_state.suspend();
+                    map_schedule.suspend();
                 }
                 Event::Resumed => {
-                    map_state.resume(&self);
+                    map_schedule.resume(&self);
                 }
                 Event::MainEventsCleared => {
                     // RedrawRequested will only trigger once, unless we manually

maplibre-winit/src/winit/noweb.rs

@@ -10,26 +10,9 @@ use super::WinitMapWindow;
 use super::WinitWindow;
 
 use super::WinitMapWindowConfig;
-use maplibre::window::{MapWindow, WindowSize};
+use maplibre::window::{HeadedMapWindow, MapWindow, MapWindowConfig, WindowSize};
 
 impl MapWindow for WinitMapWindow {
-    type EventLoop = WinitEventLoop;
-    type Window = WinitWindow;
-    type MapWindowConfig = WinitMapWindowConfig;
-
-    fn create(map_window_config: &Self::MapWindowConfig) -> Self {
-        let event_loop = WinitEventLoop::new();
-        let window = WindowBuilder::new()
-            .with_title(&map_window_config.title)
-            .build(&event_loop)
-            .unwrap();
-
-        Self {
-            window,
-            event_loop: Some(event_loop),
-        }
-    }
-
     fn size(&self) -> WindowSize {
         let size = self.window.inner_size();
         #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
@@ -43,8 +26,28 @@ impl MapWindow for WinitMapWindow {
             WindowSize::new(size.width, size.height).expect("failed to get window dimensions.");
         window_size
     }
+}
+impl HeadedMapWindow for WinitMapWindow {
+    type RawWindow = WinitWindow;
 
-    fn inner(&self) -> &Self::Window {
+    fn inner(&self) -> &Self::RawWindow {
         &self.window
     }
 }
+
+impl MapWindowConfig for WinitMapWindowConfig {
+    type MapWindow = WinitMapWindow;
+
+    fn create(&self) -> Self::MapWindow {
+        let event_loop = WinitEventLoop::new();
+        let window = WindowBuilder::new()
+            .with_title(&self.title)
+            .build(&event_loop)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        Self::MapWindow {
+            window,
+            event_loop: Some(event_loop),
+        }
+    }
+}

maplibre-winit/src/winit/web.rs

@@ -4,38 +4,43 @@ use super::WinitEventLoop;
 use super::WinitMapWindow;
 use super::WinitMapWindowConfig;
 use super::WinitWindow;
+use maplibre::window::HeadedMapWindow;
+use maplibre::window::MapWindowConfig;
 
 use maplibre::window::{MapWindow, WindowSize};
 use winit::platform::web::WindowBuilderExtWebSys;
 
-impl MapWindow for WinitMapWindow {
-    type EventLoop = WinitEventLoop;
-    type Window = WinitWindow;
-    type MapWindowConfig = WinitMapWindowConfig;
+impl MapWindowConfig for WinitMapWindowConfig {
+    type MapWindow = WinitMapWindow;
 
-    fn create(map_window_config: &Self::MapWindowConfig) -> Self {
+    fn create(&self) -> Self::MapWindow {
         let event_loop = WinitEventLoop::new();
 
         let window: winit::window::Window = WindowBuilder::new()
-            .with_canvas(Some(get_canvas(&map_window_config.canvas_id)))
+            .with_canvas(Some(get_canvas(&self.canvas_id)))
             .build(&event_loop)
             .unwrap();
 
         let size = get_body_size().unwrap();
         window.set_inner_size(size);
-        Self {
+        Self::MapWindow {
             window,
             event_loop: Some(event_loop),
         }
     }
+}
 
+impl MapWindow for WinitMapWindow {
     fn size(&self) -> WindowSize {
         let size = self.window.inner_size();
 
         WindowSize::new(size.width, size.height).expect("failed to get window dimensions.")
     }
+}
+impl HeadedMapWindow for WinitMapWindow {
+    type RawWindow = WinitWindow;
 
-    fn inner(&self) -> &Self::Window {
+    fn inner(&self) -> &Self::RawWindow {
         &self.window
     }
 }

maplibre/Cargo.toml

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ web-webgl = ["wgpu/webgl"]
 trace = [ "tracing-subscriber", "tracing-tracy", "tracy-client"]
 no-thread-safe-futures = []
 embed-static-tiles = ["maplibre-build-tools/sqlite"]
+headless = ["png"]
 
 
 [target.'cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios", target_os = "linux", target_os = "android", target_os = "windows"))'.dependencies]
@@ -33,24 +34,25 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["rustls-tls"
 async-trait = "0.1"
 instant = { version = "0.1", features = ["wasm-bindgen"] } # FIXME: Untrusted dependency
 
-raw-window-handle = "0.4"
-
+# Tracing
 tracing = { version = "0.1" }
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", optional = true }
 
+# Maths
 cgmath = "0.18"
 
+# Geo
 geo = { version = "0.19" }
 geo-types = { version = "0.7", features = ["use-rstar_0_9"] }
 rstar = { version = "0.9" }
 prost = "0.10.1"
 geozero = { version = "0.9.4", default-features = false, features = ["with-mvt", "with-geo"]}
-
 tile-grid = "0.3"
 
 # Rendering
 wgpu = { version = "0.12" }
 lyon = { version = "0.17", features = [] }
+raw-window-handle = "0.4"
 
 # cached = "0.32"
 
@@ -61,16 +63,24 @@ log = "0.4"
 bytemuck = "1.2.0"
 bytemuck_derive = "1.0"
 
+# Static tiles inclusion
 include_dir = "0.7.2"
 
+# JSON
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
+
+# Colors
 csscolorparser = { version = "0.5", features = ["serde", "cint"]}
 cint = "0.2"
 
+# Required by bevy renderer
 thiserror = "1"
 downcast-rs = "1.2"
 smallvec = "1.8"
 
+# Headless
+png = { version = "0.17", optional = true }
+
 [build-dependencies]
 maplibre-build-tools = { path = "../maplibre-build-tools", version = "0.1.0", features = ["sqlite"] }

maplibre/src/context.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 use crate::coords::{Zoom, ZoomLevel, TILE_SIZE};
-use crate::io::shared_thread_state::SharedThreadState;
-use crate::io::tile_cache::TileCache;
-use crate::io::TessellateMessage;
+use crate::io::tile_repository::TileRepository;
 use crate::render::camera::{Camera, Perspective, ViewProjection};
 use crate::util::ChangeObserver;
 use crate::{Renderer, ScheduleMethod, Style, WindowSize};
@@ -57,14 +55,11 @@ impl ViewState {
     }
 }
 
+/// Stores the context of the map.
 pub struct MapContext {
     pub view_state: ViewState,
     pub style: Style,
 
-    pub tile_cache: TileCache,
+    pub tile_repository: TileRepository,
     pub renderer: Renderer,
-    pub scheduler: Box<dyn ScheduleMethod>,
-
-    pub message_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<TessellateMessage>,
-    pub shared_thread_state: SharedThreadState,
 }

maplibre/src/io/mod.rs

@@ -1,96 +1,21 @@
 //! Handles IO related processing as well as multithreading.
 
 use crate::coords::WorldTileCoords;
-
-use crate::tessellation::{IndexDataType, OverAlignedVertexBuffer};
-
 use crate::render::ShaderVertex;
-use geozero::mvt::tile;
+use crate::tessellation::{IndexDataType, OverAlignedVertexBuffer};
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::fmt;
-
 pub mod scheduler;
 pub mod source_client;
 pub mod static_tile_fetcher;
 
 pub mod geometry_index;
-pub mod shared_thread_state;
-pub mod tile_cache;
+pub mod pipeline;
+pub mod tile_pipelines;
+pub mod tile_repository;
 pub mod tile_request_state;
 
-/// Contains a `Tile` if the fetch was successful otherwise `Unavailable`.
-pub enum TileFetchResult {
-    Unavailable {
-        coords: WorldTileCoords,
-    },
-    Tile {
-        coords: WorldTileCoords,
-        data: Box<[u8]>,
-    },
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for TileFetchResult {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(
-            f,
-            "TileFetchResult({})",
-            match self {
-                TileFetchResult::Unavailable { coords, .. } => coords,
-                TileFetchResult::Tile { coords, .. } => coords,
-            }
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// [crate::io::TileTessellateMessage] or [crate::io::LayerTessellateMessage] tessellation message.
-pub enum TessellateMessage {
-    Tile(TileTessellateMessage),
-    Layer(LayerTessellateMessage),
-}
-
-///  The result of the tessellation of a tile.
-pub struct TileTessellateMessage {
-    pub request_id: TileRequestID,
-    pub coords: WorldTileCoords,
-}
-
-/// `TessellatedLayer` contains the result of the tessellation for a specific layer, otherwise
-/// `UnavailableLayer` if the layer doesn't exist.
-pub enum LayerTessellateMessage {
-    UnavailableLayer {
-        coords: WorldTileCoords,
-        layer_name: String,
-    },
-    TessellatedLayer {
-        coords: WorldTileCoords,
-        buffer: OverAlignedVertexBuffer<ShaderVertex, IndexDataType>,
-        /// Holds for each feature the count of indices.
-        feature_indices: Vec<u32>,
-        layer_data: tile::Layer,
-    },
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for LayerTessellateMessage {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "LayerTessellateMessage{}", self.get_coords())
-    }
-}
-
-impl LayerTessellateMessage {
-    pub fn get_coords(&self) -> WorldTileCoords {
-        match self {
-            LayerTessellateMessage::UnavailableLayer { coords, .. } => *coords,
-            LayerTessellateMessage::TessellatedLayer { coords, .. } => *coords,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn layer_name(&self) -> &str {
-        match self {
-            LayerTessellateMessage::UnavailableLayer { layer_name, .. } => layer_name.as_str(),
-            LayerTessellateMessage::TessellatedLayer { layer_data, .. } => &layer_data.name,
-        }
-    }
-}
+pub use geozero::mvt::tile::Layer as RawLayer;
 
 /// A request for a tile at the given coordinates and in the given layers.
 #[derive(Clone)]

maplibre/src/io/pipeline.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+use crate::coords::WorldTileCoords;
+use crate::io::geometry_index::IndexedGeometry;
+use crate::io::TileRequestID;
+use crate::render::ShaderVertex;
+use crate::tessellation::{IndexDataType, OverAlignedVertexBuffer};
+use downcast_rs::{impl_downcast, Downcast};
+use geozero::mvt::tile;
+use std::any::Any;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::process::Output;
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+
+/// Processes events which happen during the pipeline execution
+pub trait PipelineProcessor: Downcast {
+    fn tile_finished(&mut self, request_id: TileRequestID, coords: &WorldTileCoords) {}
+    fn layer_unavailable(&mut self, coords: &WorldTileCoords, layer_name: &str) {}
+    fn layer_tesselation_finished(
+        &mut self,
+        coords: &WorldTileCoords,
+        buffer: OverAlignedVertexBuffer<ShaderVertex, IndexDataType>,
+        feature_indices: Vec<u32>,
+        layer_data: tile::Layer,
+    ) {
+    }
+    fn layer_indexing_finished(
+        &mut self,
+        coords: &WorldTileCoords,
+        geometries: Vec<IndexedGeometry<f64>>,
+    ) {
+    }
+}
+
+impl_downcast!(PipelineProcessor);
+
+/// Context which is available to each step within a [`DataPipeline`]
+pub struct PipelineContext {
+    processor: Box<dyn PipelineProcessor>,
+}
+
+impl PipelineContext {
+    pub fn new<P>(processor: P) -> Self
+    where
+        P: PipelineProcessor,
+    {
+        Self {
+            processor: Box::new(processor),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn take_processor<P>(self) -> Option<Box<P>>
+    where
+        P: PipelineProcessor,
+    {
+        self.processor.into_any().downcast::<P>().ok()
+    }
+
+    pub fn processor_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn PipelineProcessor {
+        self.processor.as_mut()
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Processable {
+    type Input;
+    type Output;
+
+    fn process(&self, input: Self::Input, context: &mut PipelineContext) -> Self::Output;
+}
+
+/// A pipeline which consists of multiple steps. Steps are [`Processable`] workloads. Later steps
+/// depend on previous ones.
+pub struct DataPipeline<P, N>
+where
+    P: Processable,
+    N: Processable<Input = P::Output>,
+{
+    step: P,
+    next_step: N,
+}
+
+impl<P, N> DataPipeline<P, N>
+where
+    P: Processable,
+    N: Processable<Input = P::Output>,
+{
+    pub fn new(step: P, next_step: N) -> Self {
+        Self { step, next_step }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P, N> Processable for DataPipeline<P, N>
+where
+    P: Processable,
+    N: Processable<Input = P::Output>,
+{
+    type Input = P::Input;
+    type Output = N::Output;
+
+    fn process(&self, input: Self::Input, context: &mut PipelineContext) -> Self::Output {
+        let output = self.step.process(input, context);
+        self.next_step.process(output, context)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Marks the end of a [`DataPipeline`]
+pub struct PipelineEnd<I> {
+    phantom: PhantomData<I>,
+}
+
+impl<I> Default for PipelineEnd<I> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            phantom: PhantomData::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I> Processable for PipelineEnd<I> {
+    type Input = I;
+    type Output = I;
+
+    fn process(&self, input: Self::Input, _context: &mut PipelineContext) -> Self::Output {
+        input
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I, O> Processable for &fn(input: I, context: &mut PipelineContext) -> O {
+    type Input = I;
+    type Output = O;
+
+    fn process(&self, input: Self::Input, context: &mut PipelineContext) -> Self::Output {
+        (self)(input, context)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<I, O> Processable for fn(input: I, context: &mut PipelineContext) -> O {
+    type Input = I;
+    type Output = O;
+
+    fn process(&self, input: Self::Input, context: &mut PipelineContext) -> Self::Output {
+        (self)(input, context)
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: Implementing Processable directly on Fn is not possible for some strange reason:
+//       https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/25041
+pub struct ClosureProcessable<F, I, O>
+where
+    F: Fn(I, &mut PipelineContext) -> O,
+{
+    func: F,
+    phantom_i: PhantomData<I>,
+}
+
+impl<F, I, O> From<F> for ClosureProcessable<F, I, O>
+where
+    F: Fn(I, &mut PipelineContext) -> O,
+{
+    fn from(func: F) -> Self {
+        ClosureProcessable {
+            func,
+            phantom_i: PhantomData::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F, I, O> Processable for ClosureProcessable<F, I, O>
+where
+    F: Fn(I, &mut PipelineContext) -> O,
+{
+    type Input = I;
+    type Output = O;
+
+    fn process(&self, input: Self::Input, context: &mut PipelineContext) -> Self::Output {
+        (self.func)(input, context)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::io::pipeline::{
+        ClosureProcessable, DataPipeline, PipelineContext, PipelineEnd, PipelineProcessor,
+        Processable,
+    };
+    use std::sync::mpsc;
+
+    pub struct DummyPipelineProcessor;
+
+    impl PipelineProcessor for DummyPipelineProcessor {}
+
+    fn add_one(input: u32, context: &mut PipelineContext) -> u8 {
+        input as u8 + 1
+    }
+
+    fn add_two(input: u8, context: &mut PipelineContext) -> u32 {
+        input as u32 + 2
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fn_pointer() {
+        let mut context = PipelineContext::new(DummyPipelineProcessor);
+        let output: u32 = DataPipeline::new(
+            add_two as fn(u8, &mut PipelineContext) -> u32,
+            PipelineEnd::default(),
+        )
+        .process(5u8, &mut context);
+        assert_eq!(output, 7);
+
+        let output: u32 = DataPipeline::new(
+            add_one as fn(u32, &mut PipelineContext) -> u8,
+            DataPipeline::new(
+                add_two as fn(u8, &mut PipelineContext) -> u32,
+                PipelineEnd::default(),
+            ),
+        )
+        .process(5u32, &mut context);
+        assert_eq!(output, 8);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_closure() {
+        let mut context = PipelineContext::new(DummyPipelineProcessor);
+        let mut outer_value = 3;
+
+        // using from()
+        let closure = ClosureProcessable::from(|input: u8, context: &mut PipelineContext| -> u32 {
+            return input as u32 + 2 + outer_value;
+        });
+        let output: u32 =
+            DataPipeline::new(closure, PipelineEnd::default()).process(5u8, &mut context);
+        assert_eq!(output, 10);
+
+        // with into()
+        let output: u32 = DataPipeline::<ClosureProcessable<_, u8, u32>, _>::new(
+            (|input: u8, context: &mut PipelineContext| -> u32 {
+                return input as u32 + 2 + outer_value;
+            })
+            .into(),
+            PipelineEnd::<u32>::default(),
+        )
+        .process(5u8, &mut context);
+        assert_eq!(output, 10);
+    }
+}

maplibre/src/io/scheduler.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ use std::pin::Pin;
 
 use crate::error::Error;
 
-use crate::io::shared_thread_state::SharedThreadState;
-
 /// Async/await scheduler.
 pub struct Scheduler<SM>
 where
@@ -26,30 +24,23 @@ where
     pub fn schedule_method(&self) -> &SM {
         &self.schedule_method
     }
-
-    pub fn take(self) -> SM {
-        self.schedule_method
-    }
 }
 
 /// Can schedule a task from a future factory and a shared state.
-// Should be object safe in order to be able to have a dyn object in MapContext
 pub trait ScheduleMethod: 'static {
     #[cfg(not(feature = "no-thread-safe-futures"))]
-    fn schedule(
+    fn schedule<T>(
         &self,
-        shared_thread_state: SharedThreadState,
-        future_factory: Box<
-            (dyn (FnOnce(SharedThreadState) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>>) + Send),
-        >,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error>;
+        future_factory: impl (FnOnce() -> T) + Send + 'static,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error>
+    where
+        T: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static;
 
     #[cfg(feature = "no-thread-safe-futures")]
-    fn schedule(
+    fn schedule<T>(
         &self,
-        shared_thread_state: SharedThreadState,
-        future_factory: Box<
-            (dyn (FnOnce(SharedThreadState) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>>) + Send),
-        >,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error>;
+        future_factory: impl (FnOnce() -> T) + Send + 'static,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error>
+    where
+        T: Future<Output = ()> + 'static;
 }

maplibre/src/io/shared_thread_state.rs

@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-//! Shared thread state.
-
-use crate::coords::{WorldCoords, WorldTileCoords, Zoom, ZoomLevel};
-use crate::error::Error;
-use crate::io::geometry_index::{GeometryIndex, IndexProcessor, IndexedGeometry, TileIndex};
-use crate::io::tile_request_state::TileRequestState;
-use crate::io::{
-    LayerTessellateMessage, TessellateMessage, TileRequest, TileRequestID, TileTessellateMessage,
-};
-
-use std::collections::HashSet;
-
-use crate::tessellation::zero_tessellator::ZeroTessellator;
-
-use geozero::GeozeroDatasource;
-use prost::Message;
-use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};
-
-/// Stores and provides access to the thread safe data shared between the schedulers.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct SharedThreadState {
-    pub tile_request_state: Arc<Mutex<TileRequestState>>,
-    pub message_sender: mpsc::Sender<TessellateMessage>,
-    pub geometry_index: Arc<Mutex<GeometryIndex>>,
-}
-
-impl SharedThreadState {
-    fn get_tile_request(&self, request_id: TileRequestID) -> Option<TileRequest> {
-        self.tile_request_state
-            .lock()
-            .ok()
-            .and_then(|tile_request_state| tile_request_state.get_tile_request(request_id).cloned())
-    }
-
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
-    pub fn process_tile(&self, request_id: TileRequestID, data: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        if let Some(tile_request) = self.get_tile_request(request_id) {
-            let coords = tile_request.coords;
-
-            tracing::info!("parsing tile {} with {}bytes", &coords, data.len());
-
-            let _span_ = tracing::span!(tracing::Level::TRACE, "parse_tile_bytes").entered();
-
-            let mut tile = geozero::mvt::Tile::decode(data.as_ref()).expect("failed to load tile");
-
-            let index = IndexProcessor::new();
-
-            for layer in &mut tile.layers {
-                let cloned_layer = layer.clone();
-                let layer_name: &str = &cloned_layer.name;
-                if !tile_request.layers.contains(layer_name) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                tracing::info!("layer {} at {} ready", layer_name, &coords);
-
-                let mut tessellator = ZeroTessellator::default();
-                if let Err(e) = layer.process(&mut tessellator) {
-                    self.message_sender.send(TessellateMessage::Layer(
-                        LayerTessellateMessage::UnavailableLayer {
-                            coords,
-                            layer_name: layer_name.to_owned(),
-                        },
-                    ))?;
-
-                    tracing::error!(
-                        "layer {} at {} tesselation failed {:?}",
-                        layer_name,
-                        &coords,
-                        e
-                    );
-                } else {
-                    self.message_sender.send(TessellateMessage::Layer(
-                        LayerTessellateMessage::TessellatedLayer {
-                            coords,
-                            buffer: tessellator.buffer.into(),
-                            feature_indices: tessellator.feature_indices,
-                            layer_data: cloned_layer,
-                        },
-                    ))?;
-                }
-
-                // TODO
-                // layer.process(&mut index).unwrap();
-            }
-
-            let available_layers: HashSet<_> = tile
-                .layers
-                .iter()
-                .map(|layer| layer.name.clone())
-                .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-
-            for missing_layer in tile_request.layers.difference(&available_layers) {
-                self.message_sender.send(TessellateMessage::Layer(
-                    LayerTessellateMessage::UnavailableLayer {
-                        coords,
-                        layer_name: missing_layer.to_owned(),
-                    },
-                ))?;
-
-                tracing::info!(
-                    "requested layer {} at {} not found in tile",
-                    missing_layer,
-                    &coords
-                );
-            }
-
-            tracing::info!("tile tessellated at {} finished", &tile_request.coords);
-
-            self.message_sender
-                .send(TessellateMessage::Tile(TileTessellateMessage {
-                    request_id,
-                    coords: tile_request.coords,
-                }))?;
-
-            if let Ok(mut geometry_index) = self.geometry_index.lock() {
-                geometry_index.index_tile(
-                    &coords,
-                    TileIndex::Linear {
-                        list: index.get_geometries(),
-                    },
-                )
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn tile_unavailable(
-        &self,
-        coords: &WorldTileCoords,
-        request_id: TileRequestID,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        if let Some(tile_request) = self.get_tile_request(request_id) {
-            for to_load in &tile_request.layers {
-                tracing::warn!("layer {} at {} unavailable", to_load, coords);
-                self.message_sender.send(TessellateMessage::Layer(
-                    LayerTessellateMessage::UnavailableLayer {
-                        coords: tile_request.coords,
-                        layer_name: to_load.to_string(),
-                    },
-                ))?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
-    pub fn query_point(
-        &self,
-        world_coords: &WorldCoords,
-        z: ZoomLevel,
-        zoom: Zoom,
-    ) -> Option<Vec<IndexedGeometry<f64>>> {
-        if let Ok(geometry_index) = self.geometry_index.lock() {
-            geometry_index
-                .query_point(world_coords, z, zoom)
-                .map(|geometries| {
-                    geometries
-                        .iter()
-                        .cloned()
-                        .cloned()
-                        .collect::<Vec<IndexedGeometry<f64>>>()
-                })
-        } else {
-            unimplemented!()
-        }
-    }
-}

maplibre/src/io/source_client.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub type HTTPClientFactory<HC> = dyn Fn() -> HC;
 /// the future "no-thread-safe-futures". Tokio futures are thread-safe.
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "no-thread-safe-futures", async_trait(?Send))]
 #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "no-thread-safe-futures"), async_trait)]
-pub trait HTTPClient: Clone + Sync + Send + 'static {
+pub trait HttpClient: Clone + Sync + Send + 'static {
     async fn fetch(&self, url: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error>;
 }
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub trait HTTPClient: Clone + Sync + Send + 'static {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct HttpSourceClient<HC>
 where
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     inner_client: HC,
 }
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ where
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum SourceClient<HC>
 where
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     Http(HttpSourceClient<HC>),
     Mbtiles {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ where
 
 impl<HC> SourceClient<HC>
 where
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     pub async fn fetch(&self, coords: &WorldTileCoords) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
         match self {
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ where
 
 impl<HC> HttpSourceClient<HC>
 where
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     pub fn new(http_client: HC) -> Self {
         Self {

maplibre/src/io/tile_pipelines.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+use crate::io::geometry_index::IndexProcessor;
+use crate::io::pipeline::{DataPipeline, PipelineContext, PipelineEnd, Processable};
+use crate::io::{TileRequest, TileRequestID};
+use crate::tessellation::zero_tessellator::ZeroTessellator;
+use crate::tessellation::IndexDataType;
+use geozero::GeozeroDatasource;
+use prost::Message;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+pub struct ParseTile;
+
+impl Processable for ParseTile {
+    type Input = (TileRequest, TileRequestID, Box<[u8]>);
+    type Output = (TileRequest, TileRequestID, geozero::mvt::Tile);
+
+    // TODO (perf): Maybe force inline
+    fn process(
+        &self,
+        (tile_request, request_id, data): Self::Input,
+        _context: &mut PipelineContext,
+    ) -> Self::Output {
+        let tile = geozero::mvt::Tile::decode(data.as_ref()).expect("failed to load tile");
+        (tile_request, request_id, tile)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct IndexLayer;
+
+impl Processable for IndexLayer {
+    type Input = (TileRequest, TileRequestID, geozero::mvt::Tile);
+    type Output = (TileRequest, TileRequestID, geozero::mvt::Tile);
+
+    // TODO (perf): Maybe force inline
+    fn process(
+        &self,
+        (tile_request, request_id, tile): Self::Input,
+        context: &mut PipelineContext,
+    ) -> Self::Output {
+        let index = IndexProcessor::new();
+
+        context
+            .processor_mut()
+            .layer_indexing_finished(&tile_request.coords, index.get_geometries());
+        (tile_request, request_id, tile)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct TessellateLayer;
+
+impl Processable for TessellateLayer {
+    type Input = (TileRequest, TileRequestID, geozero::mvt::Tile);
+    type Output = (TileRequest, TileRequestID, geozero::mvt::Tile);
+
+    // TODO (perf): Maybe force inline
+    fn process(
+        &self,
+        (tile_request, request_id, mut tile): Self::Input,
+        context: &mut PipelineContext,
+    ) -> Self::Output {
+        let coords = &tile_request.coords;
+
+        for layer in &mut tile.layers {
+            let cloned_layer = layer.clone();
+            let layer_name: &str = &cloned_layer.name;
+            if !tile_request.layers.contains(layer_name) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            tracing::info!("layer {} at {} ready", layer_name, coords);
+
+            let mut tessellator = ZeroTessellator::<IndexDataType>::default();
+            if let Err(e) = layer.process(&mut tessellator) {
+                context
+                    .processor_mut()
+                    .layer_unavailable(coords, layer_name);
+
+                tracing::error!(
+                    "layer {} at {} tesselation failed {:?}",
+                    layer_name,
+                    &coords,
+                    e
+                );
+            } else {
+                context.processor_mut().layer_tesselation_finished(
+                    coords,
+                    tessellator.buffer.into(),
+                    tessellator.feature_indices,
+                    cloned_layer,
+                )
+            }
+        }
+
+        let available_layers: HashSet<_> = tile
+            .layers
+            .iter()
+            .map(|layer| layer.name.clone())
+            .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+
+        for missing_layer in tile_request.layers.difference(&available_layers) {
+            context
+                .processor_mut()
+                .layer_unavailable(coords, missing_layer);
+
+            tracing::info!(
+                "requested layer {} at {} not found in tile",
+                missing_layer,
+                &coords
+            );
+        }
+
+        tracing::info!("tile tessellated at {} finished", &tile_request.coords);
+
+        context
+            .processor_mut()
+            .tile_finished(request_id, &tile_request.coords);
+
+        (tile_request, request_id, tile)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn build_vector_tile_pipeline() -> impl Processable<Input = <ParseTile as Processable>::Input> {
+    DataPipeline::new(
+        ParseTile,
+        DataPipeline::new(TessellateLayer, PipelineEnd::default()),
+    )
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::build_vector_tile_pipeline;
+    use crate::coords::ZoomLevel;
+    use crate::io::pipeline::{PipelineContext, PipelineProcessor, Processable};
+    use crate::io::TileRequest;
+    pub struct DummyPipelineProcessor;
+
+    impl PipelineProcessor for DummyPipelineProcessor {}
+
+    #[test] // TODO: Add proper tile byte array
+    #[ignore]
+    fn test() {
+        let mut context = PipelineContext::new(DummyPipelineProcessor);
+
+        let pipeline = build_vector_tile_pipeline();
+        let output = pipeline.process(
+            (
+                TileRequest {
+                    coords: (0, 0, ZoomLevel::default()).into(),
+                    layers: Default::default(),
+                },
+                0,
+                Box::new([0]),
+            ),
+            &mut context,
+        );
+    }
+}

maplibre/src/io/tile_repository.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,49 @@
 //! Tile cache.
 
 use crate::coords::{Quadkey, WorldTileCoords};
-
-use crate::io::LayerTessellateMessage;
-
+use crate::render::ShaderVertex;
+use crate::tessellation::{IndexDataType, OverAlignedVertexBuffer};
+use geozero::mvt::tile;
 use std::collections::{btree_map, BTreeMap, HashSet};
 
-/// Stores the multiple [crate::io::LayerTessellateMessage] of a cached tile.
-pub struct CachedTile {
-    layers: Vec<LayerTessellateMessage>,
+/// A layer which is stored for future use.
+pub enum StoredLayer {
+    UnavailableLayer {
+        coords: WorldTileCoords,
+        layer_name: String,
+    },
+    TessellatedLayer {
+        coords: WorldTileCoords,
+        buffer: OverAlignedVertexBuffer<ShaderVertex, IndexDataType>,
+        /// Holds for each feature the count of indices.
+        feature_indices: Vec<u32>,
+        layer_data: tile::Layer,
+    },
 }
 
-impl CachedTile {
-    pub fn new(first_layer: LayerTessellateMessage) -> Self {
+impl StoredLayer {
+    pub fn get_coords(&self) -> WorldTileCoords {
+        match self {
+            StoredLayer::UnavailableLayer { coords, .. } => *coords,
+            StoredLayer::TessellatedLayer { coords, .. } => *coords,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn layer_name(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            StoredLayer::UnavailableLayer { layer_name, .. } => layer_name.as_str(),
+            StoredLayer::TessellatedLayer { layer_data, .. } => &layer_data.name,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Stores multiple [StoredLayers](StoredLayer).
+pub struct StoredTile {
+    layers: Vec<StoredLayer>,
+}
+
+impl StoredTile {
+    pub fn new(first_layer: StoredLayer) -> Self {
         Self {
             layers: vec![first_layer],
         }
@@ -21,34 +52,34 @@ impl CachedTile {
 
 /// Stores and provides access to a quad tree of cached tiles with world tile coords.
 #[derive(Default)]
-pub struct TileCache {
-    cache: BTreeMap<Quadkey, CachedTile>,
+pub struct TileRepository {
+    tree: BTreeMap<Quadkey, StoredTile>,
 }
 
-impl TileCache {
+impl TileRepository {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
-            cache: BTreeMap::new(),
+            tree: BTreeMap::new(),
         }
     }
 
     /// Inserts a tessellated layer into the quad tree at its world tile coords.
     /// If the space is vacant, the tessellated layer is inserted into a new
-    /// [crate::io::tile_cache::CachedTile].
+    /// [crate::io::tile_repository::CachedTile].
     /// If the space is occupied, the tessellated layer is added to the current
-    /// [crate::io::tile_cache::CachedTile].
-    pub fn put_tessellated_layer(&mut self, message: LayerTessellateMessage) {
-        if let Some(entry) = message
+    /// [crate::io::tile_repository::CachedTile].
+    pub fn put_tessellated_layer(&mut self, layer: StoredLayer) {
+        if let Some(entry) = layer
             .get_coords()
             .build_quad_key()
-            .map(|key| self.cache.entry(key))
+            .map(|key| self.tree.entry(key))
         {
             match entry {
                 btree_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
-                    entry.insert(CachedTile::new(message));
+                    entry.insert(StoredTile::new(layer));
                 }
                 btree_map::Entry::Occupied(mut entry) => {
-                    entry.get_mut().layers.push(message);
+                    entry.get_mut().layers.push(layer);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -59,10 +90,10 @@ impl TileCache {
     pub fn iter_tessellated_layers_at(
         &self,
         coords: &WorldTileCoords,
-    ) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = &LayerTessellateMessage> + '_> {
+    ) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = &StoredLayer> + '_> {
         coords
             .build_quad_key()
-            .and_then(|key| self.cache.get(&key))
+            .and_then(|key| self.tree.get(&key))
             .map(|results| results.layers.iter())
     }
 
@@ -73,7 +104,7 @@ impl TileCache {
         coords: &WorldTileCoords,
         layers: &mut HashSet<String>,
     ) {
-        if let Some(cached_tile) = coords.build_quad_key().and_then(|key| self.cache.get(&key)) {
+        if let Some(cached_tile) = coords.build_quad_key().and_then(|key| self.tree.get(&key)) {
             let tessellated_set: HashSet<String> = cached_tile
                 .layers
                 .iter()
@@ -86,7 +117,7 @@ impl TileCache {
 
     /// Checks if a layer is missing from the given layers set at the given coords.
     pub fn is_layers_missing(&self, coords: &WorldTileCoords, layers: &HashSet<String>) -> bool {
-        if let Some(cached_tile) = coords.build_quad_key().and_then(|key| self.cache.get(&key)) {
+        if let Some(cached_tile) = coords.build_quad_key().and_then(|key| self.tree.get(&key)) {
             let tessellated_set: HashSet<&str> = cached_tile
                 .layers
                 .iter()

maplibre/src/lib.rs

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 //! ```
 
 use crate::io::scheduler::{ScheduleMethod, Scheduler};
-use crate::io::source_client::HTTPClient;
-use crate::map_schedule::MapSchedule;
+use crate::io::source_client::HttpClient;
+use crate::map_schedule::{InteractiveMapSchedule, SimpleMapSchedule};
 use crate::render::settings::{RendererSettings, WgpuSettings};
 use crate::render::{RenderState, Renderer};
 use crate::style::Style;
-use crate::window::{MapWindow, MapWindowConfig, Runnable, WindowSize};
+use crate::window::{EventLoop, HeadedMapWindow, MapWindow, MapWindowConfig, WindowSize};
 
 pub mod context;
 pub mod coords;
@@ -37,43 +37,51 @@ pub mod style;
 pub mod window;
 // Exposed because of doc-strings
 pub mod schedule;
+// Exposed because of SharedThreadState
+pub mod stages;
 
 // Used for benchmarking
 pub mod benchmarking;
 
 // Internal modules
-pub(crate) mod stages;
 pub(crate) mod tessellation;
-pub(crate) mod util;
+pub mod util;
 
-/// Map's configuration and execution.
-pub struct Map<W, SM, HC>
+/// The [`Map`] defines the public interface of the map renderer.
+// DO NOT IMPLEMENT INTERNALS ON THIS STRUCT.
+pub struct Map<MWC, SM, HC>
 where
-    W: MapWindow,
+    MWC: MapWindowConfig,
     SM: ScheduleMethod,
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
-    map_state: MapSchedule<W::MapWindowConfig, SM, HC>,
-    window: W,
+    map_schedule: InteractiveMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>,
+    window: MWC::MapWindow,
 }
 
-impl<W, SM, HC> Map<W, SM, HC>
+impl<MWC, SM, HC> Map<MWC, SM, HC>
 where
-    W: MapWindow + Runnable<W::MapWindowConfig, SM, HC>,
+    MWC: MapWindowConfig,
     SM: ScheduleMethod,
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
-    /// Starts the [`crate::map_state::MapState`] Runnable with the configured event loop.
-    pub fn run(self) {
+    /// Starts the [`crate::map_schedule::MapState`] Runnable with the configured event loop.
+    pub fn run(self)
+    where
+        MWC::MapWindow: EventLoop<MWC, SM, HC>,
+    {
         self.run_with_optionally_max_frames(None);
     }
 
-    /// Starts the [`crate::map_state::MapState`] Runnable with the configured event loop.
+    /// Starts the [`crate::map_schedule::MapState`] Runnable with the configured event loop.
     ///
     /// # Arguments
     ///
     /// * `max_frames` - Maximum number of frames per second.
-    pub fn run_with_max_frames(self, max_frames: u64) {
+    pub fn run_with_max_frames(self, max_frames: u64)
+    where
+        MWC::MapWindow: EventLoop<MWC, SM, HC>,
+    {
         self.run_with_optionally_max_frames(Some(max_frames));
     }
 
@@ -82,20 +90,49 @@ where
     /// # Arguments
     ///
     /// * `max_frames` - Optional maximum number of frames per second.
-    pub fn run_with_optionally_max_frames(self, max_frames: Option<u64>) {
-        self.window.run(self.map_state, max_frames);
+    pub fn run_with_optionally_max_frames(self, max_frames: Option<u64>)
+    where
+        MWC::MapWindow: EventLoop<MWC, SM, HC>,
+    {
+        self.window.run(self.map_schedule, max_frames);
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_schedule(&self) -> &InteractiveMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC> {
+        &self.map_schedule
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_schedule_mut(&mut self) -> &mut InteractiveMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC> {
+        &mut self.map_schedule
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct HeadlessMap<MWC, SM, HC>
+where
+    MWC: MapWindowConfig,
+    SM: ScheduleMethod,
+    HC: HttpClient,
+{
+    map_schedule: SimpleMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>,
+    window: MWC::MapWindow,
+}
+
+impl<MWC, SM, HC> HeadlessMap<MWC, SM, HC>
+where
+    MWC: MapWindowConfig,
+    SM: ScheduleMethod,
+    HC: HttpClient,
+{
+    pub fn map_schedule_mut(&mut self) -> &mut SimpleMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC> {
+        &mut self.map_schedule
     }
 }
 
 /// Stores the map configuration before the map's state has been fully initialized.
-///
-/// FIXME: We could maybe remove this class, and store the render_state in an Optional in [`crate::map_state::MapState`].
-/// FIXME: I think we can find a workaround so that this class doesn't exist.
 pub struct UninitializedMap<MWC, SM, HC>
 where
     MWC: MapWindowConfig,
     SM: ScheduleMethod,
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     scheduler: Scheduler<SM>,
     http_client: HC,
@@ -110,12 +147,16 @@ impl<MWC, SM, HC> UninitializedMap<MWC, SM, HC>
 where
     MWC: MapWindowConfig,
     SM: ScheduleMethod,
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     /// Initializes the whole rendering pipeline for the given configuration.
     /// Returns the initialized map, ready to be run.
-    pub async fn initialize(self) -> Map<MWC::MapWindow, SM, HC> {
-        let window = MWC::MapWindow::create(&self.map_window_config);
+    pub async fn initialize(self) -> Map<MWC, SM, HC>
+    where
+        MWC: MapWindowConfig,
+        <MWC as MapWindowConfig>::MapWindow: HeadedMapWindow,
+    {
+        let window = self.map_window_config.create();
         let window_size = window.size();
 
         #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
@@ -129,7 +170,7 @@ where
         .await
         .ok();
         Map {
-            map_state: MapSchedule::new(
+            map_schedule: InteractiveMapSchedule::new(
                 self.map_window_config,
                 window_size,
                 renderer,
@@ -142,6 +183,30 @@ where
             window,
         }
     }
+
+    pub async fn initialize_headless(self) -> HeadlessMap<MWC, SM, HC> {
+        let window = self.map_window_config.create();
+        let window_size = window.size();
+
+        let renderer = Renderer::initialize_headless(
+            &window,
+            self.wgpu_settings.clone(),
+            self.renderer_settings.clone(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("Failed to initialize renderer");
+        HeadlessMap {
+            map_schedule: SimpleMapSchedule::new(
+                self.map_window_config,
+                window_size,
+                renderer,
+                self.scheduler,
+                self.http_client,
+                self.style,
+            ),
+            window,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct MapBuilder<MWC, SM, HC>
@@ -162,7 +227,7 @@ impl<MWC, SM, HC> MapBuilder<MWC, SM, HC>
 where
     MWC: MapWindowConfig,
     SM: ScheduleMethod,
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {

maplibre/src/map_schedule.rs

@@ -1,35 +1,27 @@
-//! Stores the state of the map such as `[crate::coords::Zoom]`, `[crate::camera::Camera]`, `[crate::style::Style]`, `[crate::io::tile_cache::TileCache]` and more.
-
 use crate::context::{MapContext, ViewState};
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::io::geometry_index::GeometryIndex;
 use crate::io::scheduler::Scheduler;
-use crate::io::shared_thread_state::SharedThreadState;
-use crate::io::source_client::{HTTPClient, HttpSourceClient, SourceClient};
-use crate::io::tile_cache::TileCache;
+use crate::io::source_client::{HttpClient, HttpSourceClient, SourceClient};
+use crate::io::tile_repository::TileRepository;
 use crate::io::tile_request_state::TileRequestState;
-use crate::io::TessellateMessage;
 use crate::render::register_render_stages;
 use crate::schedule::{Schedule, Stage};
 use crate::stages::register_stages;
 use crate::style::Style;
 use crate::{
-    MapWindow, MapWindowConfig, Renderer, RendererSettings, ScheduleMethod, WgpuSettings,
-    WindowSize,
+    HeadedMapWindow, MapWindow, MapWindowConfig, Renderer, RendererSettings, ScheduleMethod,
+    WgpuSettings, WindowSize,
 };
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::mem;
 use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};
 
 pub struct PrematureMapContext {
-    pub view_state: ViewState,
-    pub style: Style,
+    view_state: ViewState,
+    style: Style,
 
-    pub tile_cache: TileCache,
-    pub scheduler: Box<dyn ScheduleMethod>,
-
-    pub message_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<TessellateMessage>,
-    pub shared_thread_state: SharedThreadState,
+    tile_repository: TileRepository,
 
     wgpu_settings: WgpuSettings,
     renderer_settings: RendererSettings,
@@ -38,53 +30,43 @@ pub struct PrematureMapContext {
 pub enum EventuallyMapContext {
     Full(MapContext),
     Premature(PrematureMapContext),
-    Empty,
+    _Uninitialized,
 }
 
 impl EventuallyMapContext {
     pub fn make_full(&mut self, renderer: Renderer) {
-        let context = mem::replace(self, EventuallyMapContext::Empty);
+        let context = mem::replace(self, EventuallyMapContext::_Uninitialized);
 
         match context {
             EventuallyMapContext::Full(_) => {}
             EventuallyMapContext::Premature(PrematureMapContext {
                 view_state,
                 style,
-                tile_cache,
-                scheduler,
-                message_receiver,
-                shared_thread_state,
-                wgpu_settings,
-                renderer_settings,
+                tile_repository,
+                ..
             }) => {
-                mem::replace(
-                    self,
-                    EventuallyMapContext::Full(MapContext {
-                        view_state,
-                        style,
-                        tile_cache,
-                        renderer,
-                        scheduler,
-                        message_receiver,
-                        shared_thread_state,
-                    }),
-                );
+                *self = EventuallyMapContext::Full(MapContext {
+                    view_state,
+                    style,
+                    tile_repository,
+                    renderer,
+                });
             }
-            EventuallyMapContext::Empty => {}
+            EventuallyMapContext::_Uninitialized => {}
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// Stores the state of the map, dispatches tile fetching and caching, tessellation and drawing.
-pub struct MapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>
+pub struct InteractiveMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>
 where
     MWC: MapWindowConfig,
     SM: ScheduleMethod,
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     map_window_config: MWC,
 
-    map_context: EventuallyMapContext,
+    pub map_context: EventuallyMapContext,
 
     schedule: Schedule,
 
@@ -94,11 +76,11 @@ where
     suspended: bool,
 }
 
-impl<MWC, SM, HC> MapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>
+impl<MWC, SM, HC> InteractiveMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>
 where
     MWC: MapWindowConfig,
     SM: ScheduleMethod,
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     pub fn new(
         map_window_config: MWC,
@@ -111,42 +93,29 @@ where
         renderer_settings: RendererSettings,
     ) -> Self {
         let view_state = ViewState::new(&window_size);
-        let tile_cache = TileCache::new();
-
+        let tile_repository = TileRepository::new();
         let mut schedule = Schedule::default();
-        let client: SourceClient<HC> = SourceClient::Http(HttpSourceClient::new(http_client));
-        register_stages(&mut schedule, client);
-        register_render_stages(&mut schedule);
 
-        let (message_sender, message_receiver) = mpsc::channel();
+        let http_source_client: HttpSourceClient<HC> = HttpSourceClient::new(http_client);
+        register_stages(&mut schedule, http_source_client, Box::new(scheduler));
+
+        register_render_stages(&mut schedule, false).unwrap();
 
-        let scheduler = Box::new(scheduler.take());
-        let shared_thread_state = SharedThreadState {
-            tile_request_state: Arc::new(Mutex::new(TileRequestState::new())),
-            message_sender,
-            geometry_index: Arc::new(Mutex::new(GeometryIndex::new())),
-        };
         Self {
             map_window_config,
             map_context: match renderer {
                 None => EventuallyMapContext::Premature(PrematureMapContext {
                     view_state,
                     style,
-                    tile_cache,
-                    scheduler,
-                    shared_thread_state,
+                    tile_repository,
                     wgpu_settings,
-                    message_receiver,
                     renderer_settings,
                 }),
                 Some(renderer) => EventuallyMapContext::Full(MapContext {
                     view_state,
                     style,
-                    tile_cache,
+                    tile_repository,
                     renderer,
-                    scheduler,
-                    shared_thread_state,
-                    message_receiver,
                 }),
             },
             schedule,
@@ -183,13 +152,15 @@ where
         self.suspended = true;
     }
 
-    pub fn resume<MW>(&mut self, window: &MW)
+    pub fn resume(&mut self, window: &MWC::MapWindow)
     where
-        MW: MapWindow,
+        <MWC as MapWindowConfig>::MapWindow: HeadedMapWindow,
     {
         if let EventuallyMapContext::Full(map_context) = &mut self.map_context {
             let mut renderer = &mut map_context.renderer;
-            renderer.surface.recreate(window, &renderer.instance);
+            renderer
+                .state
+                .recreate_surface::<MWC::MapWindow>(window, &renderer.instance);
             self.suspended = false;
         }
     }
@@ -201,28 +172,26 @@ where
         }
     }
 
-    pub async fn late_init(&mut self) -> bool {
+    pub async fn late_init(&mut self) -> bool
+    where
+        <MWC as MapWindowConfig>::MapWindow: HeadedMapWindow,
+    {
         match &self.map_context {
             EventuallyMapContext::Full(_) => false,
             EventuallyMapContext::Premature(PrematureMapContext {
-                view_state,
-                style,
-                tile_cache,
-                scheduler,
-                message_receiver,
-                shared_thread_state,
                 wgpu_settings,
                 renderer_settings,
+                ..
             }) => {
-                let window = MWC::MapWindow::create(&self.map_window_config);
+                let window = self.map_window_config.create();
                 let renderer =
                     Renderer::initialize(&window, wgpu_settings.clone(), renderer_settings.clone())
                         .await
                         .unwrap();
-                &self.map_context.make_full(renderer);
+                self.map_context.make_full(renderer);
                 true
             }
-            EventuallyMapContext::Empty => false,
+            EventuallyMapContext::_Uninitialized => false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -234,3 +203,71 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Stores the state of the map, dispatches tile fetching and caching, tessellation and drawing.
+pub struct SimpleMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>
+where
+    MWC: MapWindowConfig,
+    SM: ScheduleMethod,
+    HC: HttpClient,
+{
+    map_window_config: MWC,
+
+    pub map_context: MapContext,
+
+    schedule: Schedule,
+    scheduler: Scheduler<SM>,
+    http_client: HC,
+}
+
+impl<MWC, SM, HC> SimpleMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>
+where
+    MWC: MapWindowConfig,
+    SM: ScheduleMethod,
+    HC: HttpClient,
+{
+    pub fn new(
+        map_window_config: MWC,
+        window_size: WindowSize,
+        renderer: Renderer,
+        scheduler: Scheduler<SM>,
+        http_client: HC,
+        style: Style,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let view_state = ViewState::new(&window_size);
+        let tile_repository = TileRepository::new();
+        let mut schedule = Schedule::default();
+
+        register_render_stages(&mut schedule, true).unwrap();
+
+        Self {
+            map_window_config,
+            map_context: MapContext {
+                view_state,
+                style,
+                tile_repository,
+                renderer,
+            },
+            schedule,
+            scheduler,
+            http_client,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tracing::instrument(name = "update_and_redraw", skip_all)]
+    pub fn update_and_redraw(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.schedule.run(&mut self.map_context);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn schedule(&self) -> &Schedule {
+        &self.schedule
+    }
+    pub fn scheduler(&self) -> &Scheduler<SM> {
+        &self.scheduler
+    }
+    pub fn http_client(&self) -> &HC {
+        &self.http_client
+    }
+}

maplibre/src/platform/noweb/http_client.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::error::Error;
-use crate::HTTPClient;
+use crate::HttpClient;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use reqwest::{Client, StatusCode};
 use reqwest_middleware::ClientWithMiddleware;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl ReqwestHttpClient {
 }
 
 #[async_trait]
-impl HTTPClient for ReqwestHttpClient {
+impl HttpClient for ReqwestHttpClient {
     async fn fetch(&self, url: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
         let response = self.client.get(url).send().await?;
         match response.error_for_status() {

maplibre/src/platform/noweb/schedule_method.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use crate::error::Error;
-use crate::io::shared_thread_state::SharedThreadState;
 use crate::ScheduleMethod;
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::pin::Pin;
@@ -14,16 +13,11 @@ impl TokioScheduleMethod {
 }
 
 impl ScheduleMethod for TokioScheduleMethod {
-    fn schedule(
-        &self,
-        shared_thread_state: SharedThreadState,
-        future_factory: Box<
-            (dyn (FnOnce(SharedThreadState) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static>>)
-                 + Send
-                 + 'static),
-        >,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        tokio::task::spawn((future_factory)(shared_thread_state));
+    fn schedule<T>(&self, future_factory: impl FnOnce() -> T + Send + 'static) -> Result<(), Error>
+    where
+        T: Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static,
+    {
+        tokio::task::spawn((future_factory)());
         Ok(())
     }
 }

maplibre/src/render/copy_surface_to_buffer_node.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//! Node which copies the contents of the GPU-side texture in [`BufferedTextureHead`] to an
+//! unmapped GPU-side buffer. This buffer will be mapped in
+//! [`crate::render::stages::write_surface_buffer_stage::WriteSurfaceBufferStage`].
+
+use crate::render::graph::{Node, NodeRunError, RenderContext, RenderGraphContext, SlotInfo};
+use crate::render::render_commands::{DrawMasks, DrawTiles};
+use crate::render::render_phase::{PhaseItem, RenderCommand};
+use crate::render::resource::{Head, TrackedRenderPass};
+use crate::render::util::FloatOrd;
+use crate::render::Eventually::Initialized;
+use crate::render::RenderState;
+use std::ops::{Deref, Range};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct CopySurfaceBufferNode {}
+
+impl CopySurfaceBufferNode {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node for CopySurfaceBufferNode {
+    fn input(&self) -> Vec<SlotInfo> {
+        vec![]
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self, _state: &mut RenderState) {}
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        _graph: &mut RenderGraphContext,
+        RenderContext {
+            command_encoder, ..
+        }: &mut RenderContext,
+        state: &RenderState,
+    ) -> Result<(), NodeRunError> {
+        match state.surface.head() {
+            Head::Headed(_) => {}
+            Head::Headless(buffered_texture) => {
+                let size = state.surface.size();
+                command_encoder.copy_texture_to_buffer(
+                    buffered_texture.texture.as_image_copy(),
+                    wgpu::ImageCopyBuffer {
+                        buffer: &buffered_texture.output_buffer,
+                        layout: wgpu::ImageDataLayout {
+                            offset: 0,
+                            bytes_per_row: Some(
+                                std::num::NonZeroU32::new(
+                                    buffered_texture.buffer_dimensions.padded_bytes_per_row as u32,
+                                )
+                                .unwrap(),
+                            ),
+                            rows_per_image: None,
+                        },
+                    },
+                    wgpu::Extent3d {
+                        width: size.width() as u32,
+                        height: size.height() as u32,
+                        depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+                    },
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

maplibre/src/render/graph/graph.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ use super::EdgeExistence;
 ///
 /// ## Example
 /// Here is a simple render graph example with two nodes connected by a node edge.
-/// ```ignore
+/// ```
+/// #
 /// # use maplibre::render::graph::{Node, NodeRunError, RenderContext, RenderGraph, RenderGraphContext};
 /// # use maplibre::render::{RenderState};
 /// # struct MyNode;
@@ -574,10 +575,8 @@ mod tests {
         Edge, Node, NodeId, NodeRunError, RenderGraph, RenderGraphContext, RenderGraphError,
         SlotInfo,
     };
-    use crate::render::{
-        graph::{RenderContext, SlotType},
-        RenderState,
-    };
+    use crate::render::graph::{RenderContext, SlotType};
+    use crate::RenderState;
     use std::collections::HashSet;
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -610,9 +609,9 @@ mod tests {
 
         fn run(
             &self,
-            _: &mut RenderGraphContext,
-            _: &mut RenderContext,
-            _: &RenderState,
+            graph: &mut RenderGraphContext,
+            render_context: &mut RenderContext,
+            state: &RenderState,
         ) -> Result<(), NodeRunError> {
             Ok(())
         }
@@ -683,9 +682,9 @@ mod tests {
         impl Node for MyNode {
             fn run(
                 &self,
-                _: &mut RenderGraphContext,
-                _: &mut RenderContext,
-                _: &RenderState,
+                graph: &mut RenderGraphContext,
+                render_context: &mut RenderContext,
+                state: &RenderState,
             ) -> Result<(), NodeRunError> {
                 Ok(())
             }

maplibre/src/render/main_pass.rs

@@ -7,12 +7,21 @@ use crate::render::graph::{Node, NodeRunError, RenderContext, RenderGraphContext
 use crate::render::render_commands::{DrawMasks, DrawTiles};
 use crate::render::render_phase::{PhaseItem, RenderCommand};
 use crate::render::resource::TrackedRenderPass;
-use crate::render::stages::draw_graph;
 use crate::render::util::FloatOrd;
 use crate::render::Eventually::Initialized;
-use crate::render::RenderState;
+use crate::render::{draw_graph, main_graph, RenderState};
 use std::ops::{Deref, Range};
 
+pub mod graph {
+    // Labels for input nodes
+    pub mod input {}
+    // Labels for non-input nodes
+    pub mod node {
+        pub const MAIN_PASS_DEPENDENCIES: &str = "main_pass_dependencies";
+        pub const MAIN_PASS_DRIVER: &str = "main_pass_driver";
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct MainPassNode {}
 
 impl MainPassNode {

maplibre/src/render/mod.rs

@@ -27,18 +27,23 @@ use crate::render::shaders::{ShaderFeatureStyle, ShaderLayerMetadata};
 use crate::render::tile_view_pattern::{TileInView, TileShape, TileViewPattern};
 use crate::render::util::Eventually;
 use crate::tessellation::IndexDataType;
-use crate::MapWindow;
+use crate::{HeadedMapWindow, MapWindow, MapWindowConfig};
 use log::info;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "headless")]
+// Exposed because it should be addable conditionally
+pub mod copy_surface_to_buffer_node;
+pub mod graph;
+pub mod resource;
+pub mod stages;
 
 // Rendering internals
-mod graph;
 mod graph_runner;
 mod main_pass;
 mod render_commands;
 mod render_phase;
-mod resource;
 mod shaders;
-mod stages;
 mod tile_pipeline;
 mod tile_view_pattern;
 mod util;
@@ -52,7 +57,6 @@ pub use stages::register_render_stages;
 
 pub const INDEX_FORMAT: wgpu::IndexFormat = wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint32; // Must match IndexDataType
 
-#[derive(Default)]
 pub struct RenderState {
     render_target: Eventually<TextureView>,
 
@@ -76,13 +80,40 @@ pub struct RenderState {
     depth_texture: Eventually<Texture>,
     multisampling_texture: Eventually<Option<Texture>>,
 
+    surface: Surface,
+
     mask_phase: RenderPhase<TileInView>,
     tile_phase: RenderPhase<(IndexEntry, TileShape)>,
 }
 
+impl RenderState {
+    pub fn new(surface: Surface) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            render_target: Default::default(),
+            buffer_pool: Default::default(),
+            tile_view_pattern: Default::default(),
+            tile_pipeline: Default::default(),
+            mask_pipeline: Default::default(),
+            globals_bind_group: Default::default(),
+            depth_texture: Default::default(),
+            multisampling_texture: Default::default(),
+            surface,
+            mask_phase: Default::default(),
+            tile_phase: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn recreate_surface<MW>(&mut self, window: &MW, instance: &wgpu::Instance)
+    where
+        MW: MapWindow + HeadedMapWindow,
+    {
+        self.surface.recreate::<MW>(window, instance);
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct Renderer {
     pub instance: wgpu::Instance,
-    pub device: wgpu::Device,
+    pub device: Arc<wgpu::Device>, // TODO: Arc is needed for headless rendering. Is there a simpler solution?
     pub queue: wgpu::Queue,
     pub adapter_info: wgpu::AdapterInfo,
 
@@ -90,7 +121,6 @@ pub struct Renderer {
     pub settings: RendererSettings,
 
     pub state: RenderState,
-    pub surface: Surface,
 }
 
 impl Renderer {
@@ -102,22 +132,15 @@ impl Renderer {
         settings: RendererSettings,
     ) -> Result<Self, wgpu::RequestDeviceError>
     where
-        MW: MapWindow,
+        MW: MapWindow + HeadedMapWindow,
     {
         let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(wgpu_settings.backends.unwrap_or(wgpu::Backends::all()));
 
-        let maybe_surface = match &settings.surface_type {
-            SurfaceType::Headless => None,
-            SurfaceType::Headed => Some(Surface::from_window(&instance, window, &settings)),
-        };
+        let surface = Surface::from_window(&instance, window, &settings);
 
-        let compatible_surface = if let Some(surface) = &maybe_surface {
-            match &surface.head() {
-                Head::Headed(window_head) => Some(window_head.surface()),
-                Head::Headless(_) => None,
-            }
-        } else {
-            None
+        let compatible_surface = match &surface.head() {
+            Head::Headed(window_head) => Some(window_head.surface()),
+            Head::Headless(_) => None,
         };
 
         let (device, queue, adapter_info) = Self::request_device(
@@ -131,11 +154,6 @@ impl Renderer {
         )
         .await?;
 
-        let surface = maybe_surface.unwrap_or_else(|| match &settings.surface_type {
-            SurfaceType::Headless => Surface::from_image(&device, window, &settings),
-            SurfaceType::Headed => Surface::from_window(&instance, window, &settings),
-        });
-
         match surface.head() {
             Head::Headed(window) => window.configure(&device),
             Head::Headless(_) => {}
@@ -143,18 +161,51 @@ impl Renderer {
 
         Ok(Self {
             instance,
-            device,
+            device: Arc::new(device),
             queue,
             adapter_info,
             wgpu_settings,
             settings,
-            state: Default::default(),
-            surface,
+            state: RenderState::new(surface),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub async fn initialize_headless<MW>(
+        window: &MW,
+        wgpu_settings: WgpuSettings,
+        settings: RendererSettings,
+    ) -> Result<Self, wgpu::RequestDeviceError>
+    where
+        MW: MapWindow,
+    {
+        let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(wgpu_settings.backends.unwrap_or(wgpu::Backends::all()));
+
+        let (device, queue, adapter_info) = Self::request_device(
+            &instance,
+            &wgpu_settings,
+            &wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
+                power_preference: wgpu_settings.power_preference,
+                force_fallback_adapter: false,
+                compatible_surface: None,
+            },
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+        let surface = Surface::from_image(&device, window, &settings);
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            instance,
+            device: Arc::new(device),
+            queue,
+            adapter_info,
+            wgpu_settings,
+            settings,
+            state: RenderState::new(surface),
         })
     }
 
     pub fn resize(&mut self, width: u32, height: u32) {
-        self.surface.resize(width, height)
+        self.state.surface.resize(width, height)
     }
 
     /// Requests a device
@@ -323,7 +374,7 @@ impl Renderer {
         &self.state
     }
     pub fn surface(&self) -> &Surface {
-        &self.surface
+        &self.state.surface
     }
 }
 
@@ -331,10 +382,34 @@ impl Renderer {
 mod tests {
     use crate::render::graph::RenderGraph;
     use crate::render::graph_runner::RenderGraphRunner;
-    use crate::render::RenderState;
+    use crate::render::resource::Surface;
+    use crate::{MapWindow, MapWindowConfig, RenderState, Renderer, RendererSettings, WindowSize};
+
+    pub struct HeadlessMapWindowConfig {
+        size: WindowSize,
+    }
+
+    impl MapWindowConfig for HeadlessMapWindowConfig {
+        type MapWindow = HeadlessMapWindow;
+
+        fn create(&self) -> Self::MapWindow {
+            Self::MapWindow { size: self.size }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub struct HeadlessMapWindow {
+        size: WindowSize,
+    }
+
+    impl MapWindow for HeadlessMapWindow {
+        fn size(&self) -> WindowSize {
+            self.size
+        }
+    }
 
     #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
     #[tokio::test]
+    #[ignore] // FIXME: We do not have a GPU in CI
     async fn test_render() {
         let graph = RenderGraph::default();
 
@@ -362,8 +437,41 @@ mod tests {
             .ok()
             .unwrap();
 
-        let render_state = RenderState::default();
+        let render_state = RenderState::new(Surface::from_image(
+            &device,
+            &HeadlessMapWindow {
+                size: WindowSize::new(100, 100).unwrap(),
+            },
+            &RendererSettings::default(),
+        ));
 
-        RenderGraphRunner::run(&graph, &device, &queue, &render_state);
+        RenderGraphRunner::run(&graph, &device, &queue, &render_state).unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+// Contributors to the RenderGraph should use the following label conventions:
+// 1. Graph modules should have a NAME, input module, and node module (where relevant)
+// 2. The "main_graph" graph is the root.
+// 3. "sub graph" modules should be nested beneath their parent graph module
+pub mod main_graph {
+    // Labels for input nodes
+    pub mod input {}
+    // Labels for non-input nodes
+    pub mod node {
+        pub const MAIN_PASS_DEPENDENCIES: &str = "main_pass_dependencies";
+        pub const MAIN_PASS_DRIVER: &str = "main_pass_driver";
+    }
+}
+
+/// Labels for the "draw" graph
+pub mod draw_graph {
+    pub const NAME: &str = "draw";
+    // Labels for input nodes
+    pub mod input {}
+    // Labels for non-input nodes
+    pub mod node {
+        pub const MAIN_PASS: &str = "main_pass";
+        #[cfg(feature = "headless")]
+        pub const COPY: &str = "copy";
     }
 }

maplibre/src/render/resource/buffer_pool.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ pub struct BufferPool<Q, B, V, I, TM, FM> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-enum BackingBufferType {
+pub enum BackingBufferType {
     Vertices,
     Indices,
     Metadata,
@@ -578,12 +578,12 @@ impl RingIndex {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use crate::coords::ZoomLevel;
     use crate::style::layer::StyleLayer;
     use lyon::tessellation::VertexBuffers;
 
-    use crate::render::resource::buffer_pool::{
-        BackingBufferDescriptor, BackingBufferType, BufferPool, Queue,
-    };
+    use crate::render::resource::buffer_pool::BackingBufferType;
+    use crate::render::resource::{BackingBufferDescriptor, BufferPool, Queue};
 
     #[derive(Debug)]
     struct TestBuffer {
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ mod tests {
         for _ in 0..2 {
             pool.allocate_layer_geometry(
                 &queue,
-                (0, 0, 0).into(),
+                (0, 0, ZoomLevel::default()).into(),
                 style_layer.clone(),
                 &data48bytes_aligned,
                 2,
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         pool.allocate_layer_geometry(
             &queue,
-            (0, 0, 0).into(),
+            (0, 0, ZoomLevel::default()).into(),
             style_layer.clone(),
             &data24bytes_aligned,
             2,
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         pool.allocate_layer_geometry(
             &queue,
-            (0, 0, 0).into(),
+            (0, 0, ZoomLevel::default()).into(),
             style_layer.clone(),
             &data24bytes_aligned,
             2,
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         pool.allocate_layer_geometry(
             &queue,
-            (0, 0, 0).into(),
+            (0, 0, ZoomLevel::default()).into(),
             style_layer.clone(),
             &data24bytes_aligned,
             2,
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         pool.allocate_layer_geometry(
             &queue,
-            (0, 0, 0).into(),
+            (0, 0, ZoomLevel::default()).into(),
             style_layer.clone(),
             &data24bytes_aligned,
             2,
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         pool.allocate_layer_geometry(
             &queue,
-            (0, 0, 0).into(),
+            (0, 0, ZoomLevel::default()).into(),
             style_layer,
             &data24bytes_aligned,
             2,

maplibre/src/render/resource/surface.rs

@@ -4,14 +4,18 @@
 use crate::render::resource::texture::TextureView;
 use crate::render::settings::RendererSettings;
 use crate::render::util::HasChanged;
-use crate::{MapWindow, WindowSize};
+use crate::window::HeadedMapWindow;
+use crate::{MapWindow, MapWindowConfig, WindowSize};
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::Write;
 use std::mem::size_of;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
-struct BufferDimensions {
-    width: usize,
-    height: usize,
-    unpadded_bytes_per_row: usize,
-    padded_bytes_per_row: usize,
+pub struct BufferDimensions {
+    pub width: usize,
+    pub height: usize,
+    pub unpadded_bytes_per_row: usize,
+    pub padded_bytes_per_row: usize,
 }
 
 impl BufferDimensions {
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ impl WindowHead {
 
     pub fn recreate_surface<MW>(&mut self, window: &MW, instance: &wgpu::Instance)
     where
-        MW: MapWindow,
+        MW: MapWindow + HeadedMapWindow,
     {
         self.surface = unsafe { instance.create_surface(window.inner()) };
     }
@@ -52,14 +56,63 @@ impl WindowHead {
 }
 
 pub struct BufferedTextureHead {
-    texture: wgpu::Texture,
-    output_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
-    buffer_dimensions: BufferDimensions,
+    pub texture: wgpu::Texture,
+    pub output_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    pub buffer_dimensions: BufferDimensions,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "headless")]
+impl BufferedTextureHead {
+    pub async fn create_png<'a>(
+        &self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        png_output_path: &str,
+        // device: &wgpu::Device,
+    ) {
+        // Note that we're not calling `.await` here.
+        let buffer_slice = self.output_buffer.slice(..);
+        let buffer_future = buffer_slice.map_async(wgpu::MapMode::Read);
+
+        // Poll the device in a blocking manner so that our future resolves.
+        // In an actual application, `device.poll(...)` should
+        // be called in an event loop or on another thread.
+        device.poll(wgpu::Maintain::Wait);
+        if let Ok(()) = buffer_future.await {
+            let padded_buffer = buffer_slice.get_mapped_range();
+
+            let mut png_encoder = png::Encoder::new(
+                File::create(png_output_path).unwrap(),
+                self.buffer_dimensions.width as u32,
+                self.buffer_dimensions.height as u32,
+            );
+            png_encoder.set_depth(png::BitDepth::Eight);
+            png_encoder.set_color(png::ColorType::Rgba);
+            let mut png_writer = png_encoder
+                .write_header()
+                .unwrap()
+                .into_stream_writer_with_size(self.buffer_dimensions.unpadded_bytes_per_row)
+                .unwrap();
+
+            // from the padded_buffer we write just the unpadded bytes into the image
+            for chunk in padded_buffer.chunks(self.buffer_dimensions.padded_bytes_per_row) {
+                png_writer
+                    .write_all(&chunk[..self.buffer_dimensions.unpadded_bytes_per_row])
+                    .unwrap();
+            }
+            png_writer.finish().unwrap();
+
+            // With the current interface, we have to make sure all mapped views are
+            // dropped before we unmap the buffer.
+            drop(padded_buffer);
+
+            self.output_buffer.unmap();
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 pub enum Head {
     Headed(WindowHead),
-    Headless(BufferedTextureHead),
+    Headless(Arc<BufferedTextureHead>),
 }
 
 pub struct Surface {
@@ -74,7 +127,7 @@ impl Surface {
         settings: &RendererSettings,
     ) -> Self
     where
-        MW: MapWindow,
+        MW: MapWindow + HeadedMapWindow,
     {
         let size = window.size();
         let surface_config = wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration {
@@ -97,6 +150,7 @@ impl Surface {
         }
     }
 
+    // TODO: Give better name
     pub fn from_image<MW>(device: &wgpu::Device, window: &MW, settings: &RendererSettings) -> Self
     where
         MW: MapWindow,
@@ -111,7 +165,7 @@ impl Surface {
             BufferDimensions::new(size.width() as usize, size.height() as usize);
         // The output buffer lets us retrieve the data as an array
         let output_buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
-            label: None,
+            label: Some("BufferedTextureHead buffer"),
             size: (buffer_dimensions.padded_bytes_per_row * buffer_dimensions.height) as u64,
             usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::MAP_READ | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
             mapped_at_creation: false,
@@ -133,11 +187,11 @@ impl Surface {
 
         Self {
             size,
-            head: Head::Headless(BufferedTextureHead {
+            head: Head::Headless(Arc::new(BufferedTextureHead {
                 texture,
                 output_buffer,
                 buffer_dimensions,
-            }),
+            })),
         }
     }
 
@@ -149,7 +203,7 @@ impl Surface {
                 let frame = match surface.get_current_texture() {
                     Ok(view) => view,
                     Err(wgpu::SurfaceError::Outdated) => {
-                        tracing::trace!("surface outdated");
+                        log::warn!("surface outdated");
                         window.configure(device);
                         surface
                             .get_current_texture()
@@ -159,7 +213,8 @@ impl Surface {
                 };
                 frame.into()
             }
-            Head::Headless(BufferedTextureHead { texture, .. }) => texture
+            Head::Headless(arc) => arc
+                .texture
                 .create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default())
                 .into(),
         }
@@ -193,11 +248,13 @@ impl Surface {
 
     pub fn recreate<MW>(&mut self, window: &MW, instance: &wgpu::Instance)
     where
-        MW: MapWindow,
+        MW: MapWindow + HeadedMapWindow,
     {
         match &mut self.head {
-            Head::Headed(head) => {
-                head.recreate_surface(window, instance);
+            Head::Headed(window_head) => {
+                if window_head.has_changed(&(self.size.width(), self.size.height())) {
+                    window_head.recreate_surface(window, instance);
+                }
             }
             Head::Headless(_) => {}
         }
@@ -216,6 +273,6 @@ impl HasChanged for WindowHead {
     type Criteria = (u32, u32);
 
     fn has_changed(&self, criteria: &Self::Criteria) -> bool {
-        self.surface_config.height != criteria.0 || self.surface_config.width != criteria.1
+        self.surface_config.width != criteria.0 || self.surface_config.height != criteria.1
     }
 }

maplibre/src/render/resource/tracked_render_pass.rs

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ impl<'a> TrackedRenderPass<'a> {
     /// Push a new debug group over the internal stack. Subsequent render commands and debug
     /// markers are grouped into this new group, until [`pop_debug_group`] is called.
     ///
-    /// ```ignore
+    /// ```
     /// # fn example(mut pass: maplibre::render::resource::TrackedRenderPass<'static>) {
     /// pass.push_debug_group("Render the car");
     /// // [setup pipeline etc...]

maplibre/src/render/settings.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ use crate::platform::COLOR_TEXTURE_FORMAT;
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 pub use wgpu::Backends;
+pub use wgpu::Features;
+pub use wgpu::Limits;
+pub use wgpu::PowerPreference;
+pub use wgpu::TextureFormat;
 
 /// Provides configuration for renderer initialization. Use [`Device::features`](crate::renderer::Device::features),
 /// [`Device::limits`](crate::renderer::Device::limits), and the [`WgpuAdapterInfo`](crate::render_resource::WgpuAdapterInfo)
@@ -11,17 +15,17 @@ pub use wgpu::Backends;
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct WgpuSettings {
     pub device_label: Option<Cow<'static, str>>,
-    pub backends: Option<wgpu::Backends>,
-    pub power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference,
+    pub backends: Option<Backends>,
+    pub power_preference: PowerPreference,
     /// The features to ensure are enabled regardless of what the adapter/backend supports.
     /// Setting these explicitly may cause renderer initialization to fail.
-    pub features: wgpu::Features,
+    pub features: Features,
     /// The features to ensure are disabled regardless of what the adapter/backend supports
-    pub disabled_features: Option<wgpu::Features>,
+    pub disabled_features: Option<Features>,
     /// The imposed limits.
-    pub limits: wgpu::Limits,
+    pub limits: Limits,
     /// The constraints on limits allowed regardless of what the adapter/backend supports
-    pub constrained_limits: Option<wgpu::Limits>,
+    pub constrained_limits: Option<Limits>,
 
     /// Whether a trace is recorded an stored in the current working directory
     pub record_trace: bool,
@@ -32,12 +36,12 @@ impl Default for WgpuSettings {
         let backends = Some(wgpu::util::backend_bits_from_env().unwrap_or(wgpu::Backends::all()));
 
         let limits = if cfg!(feature = "web-webgl") {
-            wgpu::Limits {
+            Limits {
                 max_texture_dimension_2d: 4096,
-                ..wgpu::Limits::downlevel_webgl2_defaults()
+                ..Limits::downlevel_webgl2_defaults()
             }
         } else if cfg!(target_os = "android") {
-            wgpu::Limits {
+            Limits {
                 max_storage_textures_per_shader_stage: 4,
                 max_compute_workgroups_per_dimension: 0,
                 max_compute_workgroup_size_z: 0,
@@ -45,19 +49,19 @@ impl Default for WgpuSettings {
                 max_compute_workgroup_size_x: 0,
                 max_compute_workgroup_storage_size: 0,
                 max_compute_invocations_per_workgroup: 0,
-                ..wgpu::Limits::downlevel_defaults()
+                ..Limits::downlevel_defaults()
             }
         } else {
-            wgpu::Limits {
-                ..wgpu::Limits::default()
+            Limits {
+                ..Limits::default()
             }
         };
 
         Self {
             device_label: Default::default(),
             backends,
-            power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
-            features: wgpu::Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES,
+            power_preference: PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
+            features: Features::TEXTURE_ADAPTER_SPECIFIC_FORMAT_FEATURES,
             disabled_features: None,
             limits,
             constrained_limits: None,
@@ -101,8 +105,7 @@ impl Default for Msaa {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct RendererSettings {
     pub msaa: Msaa,
-    pub texture_format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
-    pub surface_type: SurfaceType,
+    pub texture_format: TextureFormat,
 }
 
 impl Default for RendererSettings {
@@ -110,7 +113,6 @@ impl Default for RendererSettings {
         Self {
             msaa: Msaa::default(),
             texture_format: COLOR_TEXTURE_FORMAT,
-            surface_type: SurfaceType::Headed,
         }
     }
 }

maplibre/src/render/stages/extract_stage.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//! Extracts data from the current state.
+
+use crate::context::MapContext;
+use crate::coords::{ViewRegion, Zoom};
+use crate::io::tile_repository::TileRepository;
+use crate::render::camera::ViewProjection;
+use crate::render::render_phase::RenderPhase;
+use crate::render::resource::IndexEntry;
+use crate::render::shaders::{
+    ShaderCamera, ShaderFeatureStyle, ShaderGlobals, ShaderLayerMetadata, Vec4f32,
+};
+use crate::render::tile_view_pattern::TileInView;
+use crate::render::util::Eventually::Initialized;
+use crate::schedule::Stage;
+use crate::{RenderState, Renderer, Style};
+use std::iter;
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct ExtractStage;
+
+impl Stage for ExtractStage {
+    fn run(
+        &mut self,
+        MapContext {
+            view_state,
+            renderer:
+                Renderer {
+                    state:
+                        RenderState {
+                            mask_phase,
+                            tile_phase,
+                            tile_view_pattern,
+                            buffer_pool,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                },
+            ..
+        }: &mut MapContext,
+    ) {
+        if let (Initialized(tile_view_pattern), Initialized(buffer_pool)) =
+            (tile_view_pattern, &buffer_pool)
+        {
+            let visible_level = view_state.visible_level();
+
+            let view_proj = view_state.view_projection();
+
+            let view_region = view_state
+                .camera
+                .view_region_bounding_box(&view_proj.invert())
+                .map(|bounding_box| {
+                    ViewRegion::new(bounding_box, 0, *view_state.zoom, visible_level)
+                });
+
+            if let Some(view_region) = &view_region {
+                let zoom = view_state.zoom();
+                tile_view_pattern.update_pattern(view_region, buffer_pool, zoom);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

maplibre/src/render/stages/graph_runner_stage.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 //! Executes the [`RenderGraph`] current render graph.
 
-// Plugins that contribute to the RenderGraph should use the following label conventions:
-// 1. Graph modules should have a NAME, input module, and node module (where relevant)
-// 2. The "top level" graph is the plugin module root. Just add things like `pub mod node` directly under the plugin module
-// 3. "sub graph" modules should be nested beneath their parent graph module
-
 use crate::context::MapContext;
 use crate::render::graph::{EmptyNode, RenderGraph};
 use crate::render::graph_runner::RenderGraphRunner;
@@ -14,42 +9,13 @@ use crate::schedule::Stage;
 use crate::Renderer;
 use log::error;
 
-pub mod node {
-    pub const MAIN_PASS_DEPENDENCIES: &str = "main_pass_dependencies";
-    pub const MAIN_PASS_DRIVER: &str = "main_pass_driver";
-}
-
-pub mod draw_graph {
-    pub const NAME: &str = "draw";
-    pub mod input {}
-    pub mod node {
-        pub const MAIN_PASS: &str = "main_pass";
-    }
-}
-
 /// Updates the [`RenderGraph`] with all of its nodes and then runs it to render the entire frame.
 pub struct GraphRunnerStage {
     graph: RenderGraph,
 }
 
-impl Default for GraphRunnerStage {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        let pass_node = MainPassNode::new();
-        let mut graph = RenderGraph::default();
-
-        let mut draw_graph = RenderGraph::default();
-        draw_graph.add_node(draw_graph::node::MAIN_PASS, pass_node);
-        let input_node_id = draw_graph.set_input(vec![]);
-        draw_graph
-            .add_node_edge(input_node_id, draw_graph::node::MAIN_PASS)
-            .unwrap();
-        graph.add_sub_graph(draw_graph::NAME, draw_graph);
-
-        graph.add_node(node::MAIN_PASS_DEPENDENCIES, EmptyNode);
-        graph.add_node(node::MAIN_PASS_DRIVER, MainPassDriverNode);
-        graph
-            .add_node_edge(node::MAIN_PASS_DEPENDENCIES, node::MAIN_PASS_DRIVER)
-            .unwrap();
+impl GraphRunnerStage {
+    pub fn new(graph: RenderGraph) -> Self {
         Self { graph }
     }
 }

maplibre/src/render/stages/mod.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,28 @@
 //! Rendering specific [Stages](Stage)
 
 use crate::context::MapContext;
+use crate::multi_stage;
+use crate::render::graph::{EmptyNode, RenderGraph, RenderGraphError};
+use crate::render::main_pass::{MainPassDriverNode, MainPassNode};
+use crate::render::stages::extract_stage::ExtractStage;
+use crate::render::stages::phase_sort_stage::PhaseSortStage;
+use crate::render::stages::queue_stage::QueueStage;
+use crate::render::{draw_graph, main_graph};
 use crate::schedule::{MultiStage, Schedule, Stage, StageLabel};
 use graph_runner_stage::GraphRunnerStage;
 use resource_stage::ResourceStage;
 use upload_stage::UploadStage;
 
+mod extract_stage;
 mod graph_runner_stage;
 mod phase_sort_stage;
 mod queue_stage;
 mod resource_stage;
 mod upload_stage;
 
-use crate::multi_stage;
-use crate::render::stages::phase_sort_stage::PhaseSortStage;
-use crate::render::stages::queue_stage::QueueStage;
-pub use graph_runner_stage::{draw_graph, node};
+#[cfg(feature = "headless")]
+// Exposed because it should be addable conditionally
+pub mod write_surface_buffer_stage;
 
 /// The labels of the default App rendering stages.
 #[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
@@ -46,11 +53,52 @@ impl StageLabel for RenderStageLabel {
     }
 }
 
-multi_stage!(PrepareStage, upload: UploadStage, resource: ResourceStage);
+multi_stage!(
+    PrepareStage,
+    resource: ResourceStage,
+    extract: ExtractStage,
+    upload: UploadStage
+);
+
+pub fn register_render_stages(
+    schedule: &mut Schedule,
+    headless: bool,
+) -> Result<(), RenderGraphError> {
+    let mut graph = RenderGraph::default();
+
+    let mut draw_graph = RenderGraph::default();
+    draw_graph.add_node(draw_graph::node::MAIN_PASS, MainPassNode::new());
+    let input_node_id = draw_graph.set_input(vec![]);
+    draw_graph.add_node_edge(input_node_id, draw_graph::node::MAIN_PASS)?;
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "headless")]
+    if headless {
+        use crate::render::copy_surface_to_buffer_node::CopySurfaceBufferNode;
+        draw_graph.add_node(draw_graph::node::COPY, CopySurfaceBufferNode::default());
+        draw_graph.add_node_edge(draw_graph::node::MAIN_PASS, draw_graph::node::COPY)?;
+    }
+
+    graph.add_sub_graph(draw_graph::NAME, draw_graph);
+    graph.add_node(main_graph::node::MAIN_PASS_DEPENDENCIES, EmptyNode);
+    graph.add_node(main_graph::node::MAIN_PASS_DRIVER, MainPassDriverNode);
+    graph.add_node_edge(
+        main_graph::node::MAIN_PASS_DEPENDENCIES,
+        main_graph::node::MAIN_PASS_DRIVER,
+    )?;
 
-pub fn register_render_stages(schedule: &mut Schedule) {
     schedule.add_stage(RenderStageLabel::Prepare, PrepareStage::default());
     schedule.add_stage(RenderStageLabel::Queue, QueueStage::default());
     schedule.add_stage(RenderStageLabel::PhaseSort, PhaseSortStage::default());
-    schedule.add_stage(RenderStageLabel::Render, GraphRunnerStage::default());
+    schedule.add_stage(RenderStageLabel::Render, GraphRunnerStage::new(graph));
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "headless")]
+    if headless {
+        use crate::render::stages::write_surface_buffer_stage::WriteSurfaceBufferStage;
+        schedule.add_stage(
+            RenderStageLabel::Cleanup,
+            WriteSurfaceBufferStage::default(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
 }

maplibre/src/render/stages/phase_sort_stage.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 
 use crate::context::MapContext;
 use crate::coords::{ViewRegion, Zoom};
-use crate::io::tile_cache::TileCache;
-use crate::io::LayerTessellateMessage;
+use crate::io::tile_repository::TileRepository;
 use crate::render::camera::ViewProjection;
 use crate::render::render_phase::RenderPhase;
 use crate::render::resource::IndexEntry;

maplibre/src/render/stages/queue_stage.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 
 use crate::context::MapContext;
 use crate::coords::{ViewRegion, Zoom};
-use crate::io::tile_cache::TileCache;
-use crate::io::LayerTessellateMessage;
+use crate::io::tile_repository::TileRepository;
 use crate::render::camera::ViewProjection;
 use crate::render::resource::IndexEntry;
 use crate::render::shaders::{
@@ -23,15 +22,27 @@ impl Stage for QueueStage {
     fn run(
         &mut self,
         MapContext {
-            renderer: Renderer { state, .. },
+            view_state,
+            renderer:
+                Renderer {
+                    state:
+                        RenderState {
+                            mask_phase,
+                            tile_phase,
+                            tile_view_pattern,
+                            buffer_pool,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                    ..
+                },
             ..
         }: &mut MapContext,
     ) {
-        state.mask_phase.items.clear();
-        state.tile_phase.items.clear();
+        mask_phase.items.clear();
+        tile_phase.items.clear();
 
         if let (Initialized(tile_view_pattern), Initialized(buffer_pool)) =
-            (&state.tile_view_pattern, &state.buffer_pool)
+            (tile_view_pattern, &buffer_pool)
         {
             let index = buffer_pool.index();
 
@@ -43,7 +54,7 @@ impl Stage for QueueStage {
                 let shape_to_render = fallback.as_ref().unwrap_or(shape);
 
                 // Draw mask
-                state.mask_phase.add(tile_in_view.clone());
+                mask_phase.add(tile_in_view.clone());
 
                 if let Some(entries) = index.get_layers(&shape_to_render.coords) {
                     let mut layers_to_render: Vec<&IndexEntry> = Vec::from_iter(entries);
@@ -51,9 +62,7 @@ impl Stage for QueueStage {
 
                     for entry in layers_to_render {
                         // Draw tile
-                        state
-                            .tile_phase
-                            .add((entry.clone(), shape_to_render.clone()))
+                        tile_phase.add((entry.clone(), shape_to_render.clone()))
                     }
                 } else {
                     tracing::trace!("No layers found at {}", &shape_to_render.coords);

maplibre/src/render/stages/resource_stage.rs

@@ -28,13 +28,14 @@ impl Stage for ResourceStage {
                 Renderer {
                     settings,
                     device,
-                    surface,
                     state,
                     ..
                 },
             ..
         }: &mut MapContext,
     ) {
+        let surface = &mut state.surface;
+
         let size = surface.size();
 
         surface.reconfigure(device);

maplibre/src/render/stages/upload_stage.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 
 use crate::context::MapContext;
 use crate::coords::{ViewRegion, Zoom};
-use crate::io::tile_cache::TileCache;
-use crate::io::LayerTessellateMessage;
+use crate::io::tile_repository::{StoredLayer, TileRepository};
 use crate::render::camera::ViewProjection;
 use crate::render::resource::IndexEntry;
 use crate::render::shaders::{
@@ -26,16 +25,8 @@ impl Stage for UploadStage {
         MapContext {
             view_state,
             style,
-            tile_cache,
-            renderer:
-                Renderer {
-                    settings: _,
-                    device: _,
-                    queue,
-                    surface: _,
-                    state,
-                    ..
-                },
+            tile_repository,
+            renderer: Renderer { queue, state, .. },
             ..
         }: &mut MapContext,
     ) {
@@ -67,10 +58,8 @@ impl Stage for UploadStage {
             .map(|bounding_box| ViewRegion::new(bounding_box, 0, *view_state.zoom, visible_level));
 
         if let Some(view_region) = &view_region {
-            let zoom = view_state.zoom();
-
-            self.upload_tile_geometry(state, queue, tile_cache, style, view_region);
-            self.update_tile_view_pattern(state, queue, view_region, &view_proj, zoom);
+            self.upload_tile_geometry(state, queue, tile_repository, style, view_region);
+            self.upload_tile_view_pattern(state, queue, &view_proj);
             self.update_metadata();
         }
     }
@@ -99,7 +88,7 @@ impl UploadStage {
         /*let source_layer = entry.style_layer.source_layer.as_ref().unwrap();
 
         if let Some(result) = scheduler
-            .get_tile_cache()
+            .get_tile_repository()
             .iter_tessellated_layers_at(&world_coords)
             .unwrap()
             .find(|layer| source_layer.as_str() == layer.layer_name())
@@ -147,22 +136,15 @@ impl UploadStage {
     }
 
     #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
-    pub fn update_tile_view_pattern(
+    pub fn upload_tile_view_pattern(
         &self,
         RenderState {
-            tile_view_pattern,
-            buffer_pool,
-            ..
+            tile_view_pattern, ..
         }: &mut RenderState,
         queue: &wgpu::Queue,
-        view_region: &ViewRegion,
         view_proj: &ViewProjection,
-        zoom: Zoom,
     ) {
-        if let (Initialized(tile_view_pattern), Initialized(buffer_pool)) =
-            (tile_view_pattern, buffer_pool)
-        {
-            tile_view_pattern.update_pattern(view_region, buffer_pool, zoom);
+        if let Initialized(tile_view_pattern) = tile_view_pattern {
             tile_view_pattern.upload_pattern(queue, view_proj);
         }
     }
@@ -172,7 +154,7 @@ impl UploadStage {
         &self,
         RenderState { buffer_pool, .. }: &mut RenderState,
         queue: &wgpu::Queue,
-        tile_cache: &TileCache,
+        tile_repository: &TileRepository,
         style: &Style,
         view_region: &ViewRegion,
     ) {
@@ -182,7 +164,7 @@ impl UploadStage {
                 let loaded_layers = buffer_pool
                     .get_loaded_layers_at(&world_coords)
                     .unwrap_or_default();
-                if let Some(available_layers) = tile_cache
+                if let Some(available_layers) = tile_repository
                     .iter_tessellated_layers_at(&world_coords)
                     .map(|layers| {
                         layers
@@ -204,10 +186,10 @@ impl UploadStage {
                                 .map(|color| color.into());
 
                             match message {
-                                LayerTessellateMessage::UnavailableLayer { coords: _, .. } => {
+                                StoredLayer::UnavailableLayer { coords: _, .. } => {
                                     /*self.buffer_pool.mark_layer_unavailable(*coords);*/
                                 }
-                                LayerTessellateMessage::TessellatedLayer {
+                                StoredLayer::TessellatedLayer {
                                     coords,
                                     feature_indices,
                                     layer_data,

maplibre/src/render/stages/write_surface_buffer_stage.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+//! Stage which writes the current contents of the GPU/CPU buffer in [`BufferedTextureHead`]
+//! to disk as PNG.
+
+use crate::context::MapContext;
+use crate::coords::{ViewRegion, Zoom};
+use crate::io::tile_repository::TileRepository;
+use crate::render::camera::ViewProjection;
+use crate::render::render_phase::RenderPhase;
+use crate::render::resource::{BufferDimensions, BufferedTextureHead, Head, IndexEntry};
+use crate::render::shaders::{
+    ShaderCamera, ShaderFeatureStyle, ShaderGlobals, ShaderLayerMetadata, Vec4f32,
+};
+use crate::render::tile_view_pattern::TileInView;
+use crate::render::util::Eventually::Initialized;
+use crate::schedule::Stage;
+use crate::{RenderState, Renderer, Style};
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::iter;
+use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::runtime::Handle;
+use tokio::task;
+use wgpu::{BufferAsyncError, BufferSlice};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct WriteSurfaceBufferStage {
+    frame: u64,
+}
+
+impl Stage for WriteSurfaceBufferStage {
+    fn run(
+        &mut self,
+        MapContext {
+            renderer: Renderer { state, device, .. },
+            ..
+        }: &mut MapContext,
+    ) {
+        match state.surface.head() {
+            Head::Headed(_) => {}
+            Head::Headless(buffered_texture) => {
+                let buffered_texture: Arc<BufferedTextureHead> = buffered_texture.clone();
+
+                let device = device.clone();
+                let current_frame = self.frame;
+
+                task::block_in_place(|| {
+                    Handle::current().block_on(async {
+                        buffered_texture
+                            .create_png(&device, format!("frame_{}.png", current_frame).as_str())
+                            .await;
+                    })
+                });
+
+                self.frame += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

maplibre/src/render/util/mod.rs

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ where
         };
 
         if should_replace {
-            mem::replace(self, Eventually::Initialized(f()));
+            *self = Eventually::Initialized(f());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ impl<T> Eventually<T> {
     #[tracing::instrument(name = "initialize", skip_all)]
     pub fn initialize(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce() -> T) {
         if let Eventually::Uninitialized = self {
-            mem::replace(self, Eventually::Initialized(f()));
+            *self = Eventually::Initialized(f());
         }
     }
 

maplibre/src/stages/message.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+use crate::coords::{WorldCoords, WorldTileCoords, Zoom};
+use crate::error::Error;
+use crate::io::geometry_index::{GeometryIndex, IndexedGeometry};
+use crate::io::pipeline::PipelineContext;
+use crate::io::pipeline::Processable;
+use crate::io::tile_pipelines::build_vector_tile_pipeline;
+use crate::io::tile_repository::StoredLayer;
+use crate::io::tile_request_state::TileRequestState;
+use crate::io::{TileRequest, TileRequestID};
+use crate::render::ShaderVertex;
+use crate::stages::HeadedPipelineProcessor;
+use crate::tessellation::{IndexDataType, OverAlignedVertexBuffer};
+use geozero::mvt::tile;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};
+
+pub type MessageSender = mpsc::Sender<TessellateMessage>;
+pub type MessageReceiver = mpsc::Receiver<TessellateMessage>;
+
+/// [crate::io::TileTessellateMessage] or [crate::io::LayerTessellateMessage] tessellation message.
+pub enum TessellateMessage {
+    Tile(TileTessellateMessage),
+    Layer(LayerTessellateMessage),
+}
+
+///  The result of the tessellation of a tile.
+pub struct TileTessellateMessage {
+    pub request_id: TileRequestID,
+    pub coords: WorldTileCoords,
+}
+
+/// `TessellatedLayer` contains the result of the tessellation for a specific layer, otherwise
+/// `UnavailableLayer` if the layer doesn't exist.
+pub enum LayerTessellateMessage {
+    UnavailableLayer {
+        coords: WorldTileCoords,
+        layer_name: String,
+    },
+    TessellatedLayer {
+        coords: WorldTileCoords,
+        buffer: OverAlignedVertexBuffer<ShaderVertex, IndexDataType>,
+        /// Holds for each feature the count of indices.
+        feature_indices: Vec<u32>,
+        layer_data: tile::Layer,
+    },
+}
+
+impl Into<StoredLayer> for LayerTessellateMessage {
+    fn into(self) -> StoredLayer {
+        match self {
+            LayerTessellateMessage::UnavailableLayer { coords, layer_name } => {
+                StoredLayer::UnavailableLayer { coords, layer_name }
+            }
+            LayerTessellateMessage::TessellatedLayer {
+                coords,
+                buffer,
+                feature_indices,
+                layer_data,
+            } => StoredLayer::TessellatedLayer {
+                coords,
+                buffer,
+                feature_indices,
+                layer_data,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for LayerTessellateMessage {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "LayerTessellateMessage{}",
+            match self {
+                LayerTessellateMessage::UnavailableLayer { coords, .. } => coords,
+                LayerTessellateMessage::TessellatedLayer { coords, .. } => coords,
+            }
+        )
+    }
+}

maplibre/src/stages/mod.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,188 @@
 //! [Stages](Stage) for requesting and preparing data
 
-use crate::io::source_client::SourceClient;
+use crate::coords::ZoomLevel;
+use crate::coords::{WorldCoords, WorldTileCoords, Zoom};
+use crate::error::Error;
+use crate::io::geometry_index::GeometryIndex;
+use crate::io::geometry_index::{IndexProcessor, IndexedGeometry, TileIndex};
+use crate::io::pipeline::Processable;
+use crate::io::pipeline::{PipelineContext, PipelineProcessor};
+use crate::io::source_client::{HttpSourceClient, SourceClient};
+use crate::io::tile_pipelines::build_vector_tile_pipeline;
+use crate::io::tile_repository::StoredLayer;
+use crate::io::tile_request_state::TileRequestState;
+use crate::io::{TileRequest, TileRequestID};
+use crate::render::ShaderVertex;
 use crate::schedule::Schedule;
+use crate::stages::message::{
+    LayerTessellateMessage, MessageReceiver, MessageSender, TessellateMessage,
+    TileTessellateMessage,
+};
 use crate::stages::populate_tile_store_stage::PopulateTileStore;
-use crate::HTTPClient;
+use crate::tessellation::zero_tessellator::ZeroTessellator;
+use crate::tessellation::{IndexDataType, OverAlignedVertexBuffer};
+use crate::{HttpClient, ScheduleMethod, Scheduler};
+use geozero::mvt::tile;
+use geozero::GeozeroDatasource;
+use prost::Message;
 use request_stage::RequestStage;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};
 
+mod message;
 mod populate_tile_store_stage;
 mod request_stage;
 
-pub fn register_stages<HC: HTTPClient>(schedule: &mut Schedule, source_client: SourceClient<HC>) {
-    schedule.add_stage("request", RequestStage::new(source_client));
-    schedule.add_stage("populate_tile_store", PopulateTileStore::default());
+/// Register stages required for requesting and preparing new tiles.
+pub fn register_stages<HC: HttpClient, SM: ScheduleMethod>(
+    schedule: &mut Schedule,
+    http_source_client: HttpSourceClient<HC>,
+    scheduler: Box<Scheduler<SM>>,
+) {
+    let (message_sender, message_receiver): (MessageSender, MessageReceiver) = mpsc::channel();
+    let shared_thread_state = SharedThreadState {
+        tile_request_state: Arc::new(Mutex::new(TileRequestState::new())),
+        message_sender,
+        geometry_index: Arc::new(Mutex::new(GeometryIndex::new())),
+    };
+
+    schedule.add_stage(
+        "request",
+        RequestStage::new(shared_thread_state.clone(), http_source_client, *scheduler),
+    );
+    schedule.add_stage(
+        "populate_tile_store",
+        PopulateTileStore::new(shared_thread_state, message_receiver),
+    );
+}
+
+pub struct HeadedPipelineProcessor {
+    state: SharedThreadState,
+}
+
+impl PipelineProcessor for HeadedPipelineProcessor {
+    fn tile_finished(&mut self, request_id: TileRequestID, coords: &WorldTileCoords) {
+        self.state
+            .message_sender
+            .send(TessellateMessage::Tile(TileTessellateMessage {
+                request_id,
+                coords: *coords,
+            }))
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    fn layer_unavailable(&mut self, coords: &WorldTileCoords, layer_name: &str) {
+        self.state
+            .message_sender
+            .send(TessellateMessage::Layer(
+                LayerTessellateMessage::UnavailableLayer {
+                    coords: *coords,
+                    layer_name: layer_name.to_owned(),
+                },
+            ))
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    fn layer_tesselation_finished(
+        &mut self,
+        coords: &WorldTileCoords,
+        buffer: OverAlignedVertexBuffer<ShaderVertex, IndexDataType>,
+        feature_indices: Vec<u32>,
+        layer_data: tile::Layer,
+    ) {
+        self.state
+            .message_sender
+            .send(TessellateMessage::Layer(
+                LayerTessellateMessage::TessellatedLayer {
+                    coords: *coords,
+                    buffer,
+                    feature_indices,
+                    layer_data,
+                },
+            ))
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    fn layer_indexing_finished(
+        &mut self,
+        coords: &WorldTileCoords,
+        geometries: Vec<IndexedGeometry<f64>>,
+    ) {
+        if let Ok(mut geometry_index) = self.state.geometry_index.lock() {
+            geometry_index.index_tile(&coords, TileIndex::Linear { list: geometries })
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Stores and provides access to the thread safe data shared between the schedulers.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SharedThreadState {
+    pub tile_request_state: Arc<Mutex<TileRequestState>>,
+    pub message_sender: mpsc::Sender<TessellateMessage>,
+    pub geometry_index: Arc<Mutex<GeometryIndex>>,
+}
+
+impl SharedThreadState {
+    fn get_tile_request(&self, request_id: TileRequestID) -> Option<TileRequest> {
+        self.tile_request_state
+            .lock()
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|tile_request_state| tile_request_state.get_tile_request(request_id).cloned())
+    }
+
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
+    pub fn process_tile(&self, request_id: TileRequestID, data: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        if let Some(tile_request) = self.get_tile_request(request_id) {
+            let mut pipeline_context = PipelineContext::new(HeadedPipelineProcessor {
+                state: self.clone(),
+            });
+            let pipeline = build_vector_tile_pipeline();
+            pipeline.process((tile_request, request_id, data), &mut pipeline_context);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn tile_unavailable(
+        &self,
+        coords: &WorldTileCoords,
+        request_id: TileRequestID,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        if let Some(tile_request) = self.get_tile_request(request_id) {
+            for to_load in &tile_request.layers {
+                tracing::warn!("layer {} at {} unavailable", to_load, coords);
+                self.message_sender.send(TessellateMessage::Layer(
+                    LayerTessellateMessage::UnavailableLayer {
+                        coords: tile_request.coords,
+                        layer_name: to_load.to_string(),
+                    },
+                ))?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
+    pub fn query_point(
+        &self,
+        world_coords: &WorldCoords,
+        z: ZoomLevel,
+        zoom: Zoom,
+    ) -> Option<Vec<IndexedGeometry<f64>>> {
+        if let Ok(geometry_index) = self.geometry_index.lock() {
+            geometry_index
+                .query_point(world_coords, z, zoom)
+                .map(|geometries| {
+                    geometries
+                        .iter()
+                        .cloned()
+                        .cloned()
+                        .collect::<Vec<IndexedGeometry<f64>>>()
+                })
+        } else {
+            unimplemented!()
+        }
+    }
 }

maplibre/src/stages/populate_tile_store_stage.rs

@@ -1,35 +1,46 @@
-//! Receives data from async threads and populates the [`crate::io::tile_cache::TileCache`].
+//! Receives data from async threads and populates the [`crate::io::tile_repository::TileRepository`].
 
+use super::{MessageReceiver, SharedThreadState, TessellateMessage, TileTessellateMessage};
 use crate::context::MapContext;
-use crate::io::{TessellateMessage, TileTessellateMessage};
+use crate::io::tile_repository::StoredLayer;
 use crate::schedule::Stage;
+use std::sync::mpsc;
 
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct PopulateTileStore {}
+pub struct PopulateTileStore {
+    shared_thread_state: SharedThreadState,
+    message_receiver: MessageReceiver,
+}
+
+impl PopulateTileStore {
+    pub fn new(shared_thread_state: SharedThreadState, message_receiver: MessageReceiver) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            shared_thread_state,
+            message_receiver,
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 impl Stage for PopulateTileStore {
     fn run(
         &mut self,
         MapContext {
-            tile_cache,
-            shared_thread_state,
-            message_receiver,
-            ..
+            tile_repository, ..
         }: &mut MapContext,
     ) {
-        if let Ok(result) = message_receiver.try_recv() {
+        if let Ok(result) = self.message_receiver.try_recv() {
             match result {
                 TessellateMessage::Layer(layer_result) => {
+                    let layer: StoredLayer = layer_result.into();
                     tracing::trace!(
                         "Layer {} at {} reached main thread",
-                        layer_result.layer_name(),
-                        layer_result.get_coords()
+                        layer.layer_name(),
+                        layer.get_coords()
                     );
-                    tile_cache.put_tessellated_layer(layer_result);
+                    tile_repository.put_tessellated_layer(layer);
                 }
                 TessellateMessage::Tile(TileTessellateMessage { request_id, coords }) => loop {
                     if let Ok(mut tile_request_state) =
-                        shared_thread_state.tile_request_state.try_lock()
+                        self.shared_thread_state.tile_request_state.try_lock()
                     {
                         tile_request_state.finish_tile_request(request_id);
                         tracing::trace!("Tile at {} finished loading", coords);

maplibre/src/stages/request_stage.rs

@@ -3,46 +3,55 @@
 use crate::context::MapContext;
 use crate::coords::{ViewRegion, WorldTileCoords};
 use crate::error::Error;
-use crate::io::shared_thread_state::SharedThreadState;
-use crate::io::source_client::SourceClient;
-use crate::io::tile_cache::TileCache;
+use crate::io::source_client::{HttpSourceClient, SourceClient};
+use crate::io::tile_repository::TileRepository;
 use crate::io::TileRequest;
 use crate::schedule::Stage;
-use crate::{HTTPClient, ScheduleMethod, Style};
+use crate::stages::SharedThreadState;
+use crate::{HttpClient, ScheduleMethod, Scheduler, Style};
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 
-pub struct RequestStage<HC>
+pub struct RequestStage<SM, HC>
 where
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    SM: ScheduleMethod,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
-    pub source_client: SourceClient<HC>,
-    pub try_failed: bool,
+    shared_thread_state: SharedThreadState,
+    scheduler: Scheduler<SM>,
+    http_source_client: HttpSourceClient<HC>,
+    try_failed: bool,
 }
 
-impl<HC> RequestStage<HC>
+impl<SM, HC> RequestStage<SM, HC>
 where
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    SM: ScheduleMethod,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
-    pub fn new(source_client: SourceClient<HC>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        shared_thread_state: SharedThreadState,
+        http_source_client: HttpSourceClient<HC>,
+        scheduler: Scheduler<SM>,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
-            source_client,
+            shared_thread_state,
+            scheduler,
+            http_source_client,
             try_failed: false,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<HC> Stage for RequestStage<HC>
+impl<SM, HC> Stage for RequestStage<SM, HC>
 where
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    SM: ScheduleMethod,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     fn run(
         &mut self,
         MapContext {
             view_state,
             style,
-            tile_cache,
-            scheduler,
-            shared_thread_state,
+            tile_repository,
             ..
         }: &mut MapContext,
     ) {
@@ -59,13 +68,7 @@ where
         {
             if let Some(view_region) = &view_region {
                 // FIXME: We also need to request tiles from layers above if we are over the maximum zoom level
-                self.try_failed = self.request_tiles_in_view(
-                    tile_cache,
-                    style,
-                    shared_thread_state,
-                    scheduler,
-                    view_region,
-                );
+                self.try_failed = self.request_tiles_in_view(tile_repository, style, view_region);
             }
         }
 
@@ -74,18 +77,17 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<HC> RequestStage<HC>
+impl<SM, HC> RequestStage<SM, HC>
 where
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    SM: ScheduleMethod,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
     /// Request tiles which are currently in view.
     #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     fn request_tiles_in_view(
         &self,
-        tile_cache: &TileCache,
+        tile_repository: &TileRepository,
         style: &Style,
-        shared_thread_state: &SharedThreadState,
-        scheduler: &Box<dyn ScheduleMethod>,
         view_region: &ViewRegion,
     ) -> bool {
         let mut try_failed = false;
@@ -99,13 +101,7 @@ where
             if coords.build_quad_key().is_some() {
                 // TODO: Make tesselation depend on style?
                 try_failed = self
-                    .try_request_tile(
-                        tile_cache,
-                        shared_thread_state,
-                        scheduler,
-                        &coords,
-                        &source_layers,
-                    )
+                    .try_request_tile(tile_repository, &coords, &source_layers)
                     .unwrap();
             }
         }
@@ -114,17 +110,15 @@ where
 
     fn try_request_tile(
         &self,
-        tile_cache: &TileCache,
-        shared_thread_state: &SharedThreadState,
-        scheduler: &Box<dyn ScheduleMethod>,
+        tile_repository: &TileRepository,
         coords: &WorldTileCoords,
         layers: &HashSet<String>,
     ) -> Result<bool, Error> {
-        if !tile_cache.is_layers_missing(coords, layers) {
+        if !tile_repository.is_layers_missing(coords, layers) {
             return Ok(false);
         }
 
-        if let Ok(mut tile_request_state) = shared_thread_state.tile_request_state.try_lock() {
+        if let Ok(mut tile_request_state) = self.shared_thread_state.tile_request_state.try_lock() {
             if let Some(request_id) = tile_request_state.start_tile_request(TileRequest {
                 coords: *coords,
                 layers: layers.clone(),
@@ -141,26 +135,25 @@ where
                     );
                 }*/
 
-                let client = self.source_client.clone();
+                let client = SourceClient::Http(self.http_source_client.clone());
                 let coords = *coords;
 
-                scheduler
-                    .schedule(
-                        shared_thread_state.clone(),
-                        Box::new(move |state: SharedThreadState| {
-                            Box::pin(async move {
-                                match client.fetch(&coords).await {
-                                    Ok(data) => state
-                                        .process_tile(request_id, data.into_boxed_slice())
-                                        .unwrap(),
-                                    Err(e) => {
-                                        log::error!("{:?}", &e);
-                                        state.tile_unavailable(&coords, request_id).unwrap()
-                                    }
+                let state = self.shared_thread_state.clone();
+                self.scheduler
+                    .schedule_method()
+                    .schedule(Box::new(move || {
+                        Box::pin(async move {
+                            match client.fetch(&coords).await {
+                                Ok(data) => state
+                                    .process_tile(request_id, data.into_boxed_slice())
+                                    .unwrap(),
+                                Err(e) => {
+                                    log::error!("{:?}", &e);
+                                    state.tile_unavailable(&coords, request_id).unwrap()
                                 }
-                            })
-                        }),
-                    )
+                            }
+                        })
+                    }))
                     .unwrap();
             }
 

maplibre/src/style/style.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ impl Default for Style {
                     minzoom: None,
                     metadata: None,
                     paint: Some(LayerPaint::Line(LinePaint {
-                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("lightgreen").unwrap()),
+                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("#c8facc").unwrap()),
                     })),
                     source: None,
                     source_layer: Some("park".to_string()),
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl Default for Style {
                     minzoom: None,
                     metadata: None,
                     paint: Some(LayerPaint::Line(LinePaint {
-                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("lightgreen").unwrap()),
+                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("#e0dfdf").unwrap()),
                     })),
                     source: None,
                     source_layer: Some("landuse".to_string()),
@@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ impl Default for Style {
                     minzoom: None,
                     metadata: None,
                     paint: Some(LayerPaint::Line(LinePaint {
-                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("lightgreen").unwrap()),
+                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("#aedfa3").unwrap()),
                     })),
                     source: None,
                     source_layer: Some("landcover".to_string()),
                 },
                 StyleLayer {
                     index: 3,
-                    id: "1transportation".to_string(),
+                    id: "transportation".to_string(),
                     typ: "line".to_string(),
                     maxzoom: None,
                     minzoom: None,
                     metadata: None,
                     paint: Some(LayerPaint::Line(LinePaint {
-                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("violet").unwrap()),
+                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("#ffffff").unwrap()),
                     })),
                     source: None,
                     source_layer: Some("transportation".to_string()),
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl Default for Style {
                     minzoom: None,
                     metadata: None,
                     paint: Some(LayerPaint::Line(LinePaint {
-                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("grey").unwrap()),
+                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("#d9d0c9").unwrap()),
                     })),
                     source: None,
                     source_layer: Some("building".to_string()),
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ impl Default for Style {
                     minzoom: None,
                     metadata: None,
                     paint: Some(LayerPaint::Line(LinePaint {
-                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("blue").unwrap()),
+                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("#aad3df").unwrap()),
                     })),
                     source: None,
                     source_layer: Some("water".to_string()),
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ impl Default for Style {
                     minzoom: None,
                     metadata: None,
                     paint: Some(LayerPaint::Line(LinePaint {
-                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("blue").unwrap()),
+                        line_color: Some(Color::from_str("#aad3df").unwrap()),
                     })),
                     source: None,
                     source_layer: Some("waterway".to_string()),

maplibre/src/util/fps_meter.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 /// Measures the frames per second.
 ///
 /// # Example
-/// ```ignore
+/// ```
 /// use maplibre::util::FPSMeter;
 ///
 /// let mut meter = FPSMeter::new();

maplibre/src/util/label.rs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ where
 ///
 /// # Example
 ///
-/// ```ignore
+/// ```
 /// # use maplibre::define_label;
 /// define_label!(MyNewLabelTrait);
 /// ```

maplibre/src/window.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,38 @@
 //! Utilities for the window system.
 
-use crate::{HTTPClient, MapSchedule, ScheduleMethod};
+use crate::{HttpClient, InteractiveMapSchedule, ScheduleMethod};
+use raw_window_handle::{HasRawWindowHandle, RawWindowHandle};
 
-/// Window with an optional [carte::window::WindowSize].
+/// Window of a certain [`WindowSize`]. This can either be a proper window or a headless one.
 pub trait MapWindow {
-    type EventLoop;
-    type Window: raw_window_handle::HasRawWindowHandle; // FIXME: Not true for headless
-    type MapWindowConfig: MapWindowConfig<MapWindow = Self>;
-
-    fn create(map_window_config: &Self::MapWindowConfig) -> Self;
-
     fn size(&self) -> WindowSize;
-
-    fn inner(&self) -> &Self::Window;
 }
 
+/// Window which references a physical `RawWindow`. This is only implemented by headed windows and
+/// not by headless windows.
+pub trait HeadedMapWindow: MapWindow {
+    type RawWindow: HasRawWindowHandle;
+
+    fn inner(&self) -> &Self::RawWindow;
+}
+
+/// A configuration for a window which determines the corresponding implementation of a
+/// [`MapWindow`] and is able to create it.
 pub trait MapWindowConfig: 'static {
-    type MapWindow: MapWindow<MapWindowConfig = Self>;
+    type MapWindow: MapWindow;
+
+    fn create(&self) -> Self::MapWindow;
 }
 
-pub trait Runnable<MWC, SM, HC>
+/// The event loop is responsible for processing events and propagating them to the map renderer.
+/// Only non-headless windows use an [`EventLoop`].
+pub trait EventLoop<MWC, SM, HC>
 where
     MWC: MapWindowConfig,
     SM: ScheduleMethod,
-    HC: HTTPClient,
+    HC: HttpClient,
 {
-    fn run(self, map_state: MapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>, max_frames: Option<u64>);
+    fn run(self, map_schedule: InteractiveMapSchedule<MWC, SM, HC>, max_frames: Option<u64>);
 }
 
 /// Window size with a width and an height in pixels.

web/Cargo.toml

@@ -35,3 +35,6 @@ wasm-bindgen = "0.2"
 wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4"
 console_log = { version = "0.2", features = ["color"] }
 tracing-wasm = { version = "0.2", optional = true } # FIXME: Low quality dependency
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+wasm-bindgen-test = "0.3"

web/demo/package-lock.json

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
     "../lib": {
       "name": "maplibre-rs",
       "version": "0.0.1",
-      "hasInstallScript": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "spectorjs": "^0.9.27",
@@ -36,10 +35,9 @@
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "@chialab/esbuild-plugin-env": "^0.15.3",
-        "@chialab/esbuild-plugin-meta-url": "^0.15.15",
+        "@chialab/esbuild-plugin-meta-url": "^0.15.28",
         "esbuild": "^0.14.38",
         "esbuild-plugin-inline-worker": "^0.1.1",
-        "patch-package": "^6.4.7",
         "ts-loader": "^9.2.8",
         "typescript": "^4.5.4",
         "wasm-pack": "^0.10.2"
@@ -5892,10 +5890,9 @@
       "version": "file:../lib",
       "requires": {
         "@chialab/esbuild-plugin-env": "^0.15.3",
-        "@chialab/esbuild-plugin-meta-url": "^0.15.15",
+        "@chialab/esbuild-plugin-meta-url": "^0.15.28",
         "esbuild": "^0.14.38",
         "esbuild-plugin-inline-worker": "^0.1.1",
-        "patch-package": "^6.4.7",
         "spectorjs": "^0.9.27",
         "ts-loader": "^9.2.8",
         "typescript": "^4.5.4",

web/lib/package-lock.json

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
     "": {
       "name": "maplibre-rs",
       "version": "0.0.1",
-      "hasInstallScript": true,
       "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "spectorjs": "^0.9.27",
@@ -18,7 +17,6 @@
         "@chialab/esbuild-plugin-meta-url": "^0.15.28",
         "esbuild": "^0.14.38",
         "esbuild-plugin-inline-worker": "^0.1.1",
-        "patch-package": "^6.4.7",
         "ts-loader": "^9.2.8",
         "typescript": "^4.5.4",
         "wasm-pack": "^0.10.2"
@@ -288,12 +286,6 @@
       "license": "Apache-2.0",
       "peer": true
     },
-    "node_modules/@yarnpkg/lockfile": {
-      "version": "1.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@yarnpkg/lockfile/-/lockfile-1.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-GpSwvyXOcOOlV70vbnzjj4fW5xW/FdUF6nQEt1ENy7m4ZCczi1+/buVUPAqmGfqznsORNFzUMjctTIp8a9tuCQ==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "node_modules/acorn": {
       "version": "8.7.0",
       "dev": true,
@@ -315,18 +307,6 @@
         "acorn": "^8"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/ansi-styles": {
-      "version": "3.2.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-styles/-/ansi-styles-3.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-VT0ZI6kZRdTh8YyJw3SMbYm/u+NqfsAxEpWO0Pf9sq8/e94WxxOpPKx9FR1FlyCtOVDNOQ+8ntlqFxiRc+r5qA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "color-convert": "^1.9.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/axios": {
       "version": "0.21.4",
       "dev": true,
@@ -424,20 +404,6 @@
       "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
       "peer": true
     },
-    "node_modules/chalk": {
-      "version": "2.4.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chalk/-/chalk-2.4.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Mti+f9lpJNcwF4tWV8/OrTTtF1gZi+f8FqlyAdouralcFWFQWF2+NgCHShjkCb+IFBLq9buZwE1xckQU4peSuQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "ansi-styles": "^3.2.1",
-        "escape-string-regexp": "^1.0.5",
-        "supports-color": "^5.3.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=4"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/chownr": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
       "dev": true,
@@ -455,27 +421,6 @@
         "node": ">=6.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/ci-info": {
-      "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ci-info/-/ci-info-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-5tK7EtrZ0N+OLFMthtqOj4fI2Jeb88C4CAZPu25LDVUgXJ0A3Js4PMGqrn0JU1W0Mh1/Z8wZzYPxqUrXeBboCQ==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
-    "node_modules/color-convert": {
-      "version": "1.9.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-convert/-/color-convert-1.9.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QfAUtd+vFdAtFQcC8CCyYt1fYWxSqAiK2cSD6zDB8N3cpsEBAvRxp9zOGg6G/SHHJYAT88/az/IuDGALsNVbGg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "color-name": "1.1.3"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/color-name": {
-      "version": "1.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/color-name/-/color-name-1.1.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-p9BVi9icQveV3UIyj3QIMcpTvCU=",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "node_modules/commondir": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
       "dev": true,
@@ -486,31 +431,6 @@
       "dev": true,
       "license": "MIT"
     },
-    "node_modules/cross-spawn": {
-      "version": "6.0.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cross-spawn/-/cross-spawn-6.0.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-eTVLrBSt7fjbDygz805pMnstIs2VTBNkRm0qxZd+M7A5XDdxVRWO5MxGBXZhjY4cqLYLdtrGqRf8mBPmzwSpWQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
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@@ -2371,30 +1944,10 @@
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       }
     },
-    "find-yarn-workspace-root": {
-      "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/find-yarn-workspace-root/-/find-yarn-workspace-root-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-1IMnbjt4KzsQfnhnzNd8wUEgXZ44IzZaZmnLYx7D5FZlaHt2gW20Cri8Q+E/t5tIj4+epTBub+2Zxu/vNILzqQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "micromatch": "^4.0.2"
-      }
-    },
     "follow-redirects": {
       "version": "1.14.9",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "fs-extra": {
-      "version": "7.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fs-extra/-/fs-extra-7.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YJDaCJZEnBmcbw13fvdAM9AwNOJwOzrE4pqMqBq5nFiEqXUqHwlK4B+3pUw6JNvfSPtX05xFHtYy/1ni01eGCw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "graceful-fs": "^4.1.2",
-        "jsonfile": "^4.0.0",
-        "universalify": "^0.1.0"
-      }
-    },
     "fs-minipass": {
       "version": "2.1.0",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2427,12 +1980,6 @@
       "version": "4.2.10",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "has-flag": {
-      "version": "3.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/has-flag/-/has-flag-3.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-tdRU3CGZriJWmfNGfloH87lVuv0=",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "inflight": {
       "version": "1.0.6",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2445,40 +1992,10 @@
       "version": "2.0.4",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "is-ci": {
-      "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-ci/-/is-ci-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YfJT7rkpQB0updsdHLGWrvhBJfcfzNNawYDNIyQXJz0IViGf75O8EBPKSdvw2rF+LGCsX4FZ8tcr3b19LcZq4w==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "ci-info": "^2.0.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "is-docker": {
-      "version": "2.2.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-docker/-/is-docker-2.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-F+i2BKsFrH66iaUFc0woD8sLy8getkwTwtOBjvs56Cx4CgJDeKQeqfz8wAYiSb8JOprWhHH5p77PbmYCvvUuXQ==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "is-number": {
       "version": "7.0.0",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "is-wsl": {
-      "version": "2.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-wsl/-/is-wsl-2.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-fKzAra0rGJUUBwGBgNkHZuToZcn+TtXHpeCgmkMJMMYx1sQDYaCSyjJBSCa2nH1DGm7s3n1oBnohoVTBaN7Lww==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "is-docker": "^2.0.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "isexe": {
-      "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/isexe/-/isexe-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-6PvzdNxVb/iUehDcsFctYz8s+hA=",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "jest-worker": {
       "version": "27.5.1",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2509,24 +2026,6 @@
       "dev": true,
       "peer": true
     },
-    "jsonfile": {
-      "version": "4.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jsonfile/-/jsonfile-4.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-h3Gq4HmbZAdrdmQPygWPnBDjPss=",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "graceful-fs": "^4.1.6"
-      }
-    },
-    "klaw-sync": {
-      "version": "6.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/klaw-sync/-/klaw-sync-6.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-nIeuVSzdCCs6TDPTqI8w1Yre34sSq7AkZ4B3sfOBbI2CgVSB4Du4aLQijFU2+lhAFCwt9+42Hel6lQNIv6AntQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "graceful-fs": "^4.1.11"
-      }
-    },
     "loader-runner": {
       "version": "4.3.0",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2592,12 +2091,6 @@
         "brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
       }
     },
-    "minimist": {
-      "version": "1.2.6",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/minimist/-/minimist-1.2.6.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Jsjnk4bw3YJqYzbdyBiNsPWHPfO++UGG749Cxs6peCu5Xg4nrena6OVxOYxrQTqww0Jmwt+Ref8rggumkTLz9Q==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "minipass": {
       "version": "3.1.6",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2622,12 +2115,6 @@
       "dev": true,
       "peer": true
     },
-    "nice-try": {
-      "version": "1.0.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/nice-try/-/nice-try-1.0.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-1nh45deeb5olNY7eX82BkPO7SSxR5SSYJiPTrTdFUVYwAl8CKMA5N9PjTYkHiRjisVcxcQ1HXdLhx2qxxJzLNQ==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "node-releases": {
       "version": "2.0.3",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2640,22 +2127,6 @@
         "wrappy": "1"
       }
     },
-    "open": {
-      "version": "7.4.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/open/-/open-7.4.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-MVHddDVweXZF3awtlAS+6pgKLlm/JgxZ90+/NBurBoQctVOOB/zDdVjcyPzQ+0laDGbsWgrRkflI65sQeOgT9Q==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "is-docker": "^2.0.0",
-        "is-wsl": "^2.1.1"
-      }
-    },
-    "os-tmpdir": {
-      "version": "1.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/os-tmpdir/-/os-tmpdir-1.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-u+Z0BseaqFxc/sdm/lc0VV36EnQ=",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "p-limit": {
       "version": "2.3.0",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2674,44 +2145,6 @@
       "version": "2.2.0",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "patch-package": {
-      "version": "6.4.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/patch-package/-/patch-package-6.4.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-S0vh/ZEafZ17hbhgqdnpunKDfzHQibQizx9g8yEf5dcVk3KOflOfdufRXQX8CSEkyOQwuM/bNz1GwKvFj54kaQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "@yarnpkg/lockfile": "^1.1.0",
-        "chalk": "^2.4.2",
-        "cross-spawn": "^6.0.5",
-        "find-yarn-workspace-root": "^2.0.0",
-        "fs-extra": "^7.0.1",
-        "is-ci": "^2.0.0",
-        "klaw-sync": "^6.0.0",
-        "minimist": "^1.2.0",
-        "open": "^7.4.2",
-        "rimraf": "^2.6.3",
-        "semver": "^5.6.0",
-        "slash": "^2.0.0",
-        "tmp": "^0.0.33"
-      },
-      "dependencies": {
-        "rimraf": {
-          "version": "2.7.1",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rimraf/-/rimraf-2.7.1.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-uWjbaKIK3T1OSVptzX7Nl6PvQ3qAGtKEtVRjRuazjfL3Bx5eI409VZSqgND+4UNnmzLVdPj9FqFJNPqBZFve4w==",
-          "dev": true,
-          "requires": {
-            "glob": "^7.1.3"
-          }
-        },
-        "semver": {
-          "version": "5.7.1",
-          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.1.tgz",
-          "integrity": "sha512-sauaDf/PZdVgrLTNYHRtpXa1iRiKcaebiKQ1BJdpQlWH2lCvexQdX55snPFyK7QzpudqbCI0qXFfOasHdyNDGQ==",
-          "dev": true
-        }
-      }
-    },
     "path-exists": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
       "dev": true
@@ -2720,12 +2153,6 @@
       "version": "1.0.1",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "path-key": {
-      "version": "2.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/path-key/-/path-key-2.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-QRyttXTFoUDTpLGRDUDYDMn0C0A=",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "picocolors": {
       "version": "1.0.0",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2782,27 +2209,6 @@
         "randombytes": "^2.1.0"
       }
     },
-    "shebang-command": {
-      "version": "1.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shebang-command/-/shebang-command-1.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-RKrGW2lbAzmJaMOfNj/uXer98eo=",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "shebang-regex": "^1.0.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "shebang-regex": {
-      "version": "1.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shebang-regex/-/shebang-regex-1.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha1-2kL0l0DAtC2yypcoVxyxkMmO/qM=",
-      "dev": true
-    },
-    "slash": {
-      "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/slash/-/slash-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ZYKh3Wh2z1PpEXWr0MpSBZ0V6mZHAQfYevttO11c51CaWjGTaadiKZ+wVt1PbMlDV5qhMFslpZCemhwOK7C89A==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "source-map": {
       "version": "0.6.1",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2820,15 +2226,6 @@
     "spectorjs": {
       "version": "0.9.27"
     },
-    "supports-color": {
-      "version": "5.5.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/supports-color/-/supports-color-5.5.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-QjVjwdXIt408MIiAqCX4oUKsgU2EqAGzs2Ppkm4aQYbjm+ZEWEcW4SfFNTr4uMNZma0ey4f5lgLrkB0aX0QMow==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "has-flag": "^3.0.0"
-      }
-    },
     "tapable": {
       "version": "2.2.1",
       "dev": true
@@ -2914,15 +2311,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "tmp": {
-      "version": "0.0.33",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tmp/-/tmp-0.0.33.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-jRCJlojKnZ3addtTOjdIqoRuPEKBvNXcGYqzO6zWZX8KfKEpnGY5jfggJQ3EjKuu8D4bJRr0y+cYJFmYbImXGw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "os-tmpdir": "~1.0.2"
-      }
-    },
     "to-regex-range": {
       "version": "5.0.1",
       "dev": true,
@@ -2983,12 +2371,6 @@
       "version": "4.6.3",
       "dev": true
     },
-    "universalify": {
-      "version": "0.1.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/universalify/-/universalify-0.1.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-rBJeI5CXAlmy1pV+617WB9J63U6XcazHHF2f2dbJix4XzpUF0RS3Zbj0FGIOCAva5P/d/GBOYaACQ1w+0azUkg==",
-      "dev": true
-    },
     "uri-js": {
       "version": "4.4.1",
       "dev": true,
@@ -3086,15 +2468,6 @@
       "dev": true,
       "peer": true
     },
-    "which": {
-      "version": "1.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/which/-/which-1.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-HxJdYWq1MTIQbJ3nw0cqssHoTNU267KlrDuGZ1WYlxDStUtKUhOaJmh112/TZmHxxUfuJqPXSOm7tDyas0OSIQ==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "requires": {
-        "isexe": "^2.0.0"
-      }
-    },
     "wrappy": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "dev": true

web/src/lib.rs

@@ -65,3 +65,15 @@ pub async fn run(scheduler_ptr: *mut Scheduler<WebWorkerPoolScheduleMethod>) {
 
     // std::mem::forget(scheduler);
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+/// See https://rustwasm.github.io/wasm-bindgen/wasm-bindgen-test/browsers.html
+mod tests {
+    use wasm_bindgen_test::*;
+    wasm_bindgen_test_configure!(run_in_browser);
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen_test]
+    fn pass() {
+        assert_eq!(1, 1);
+    }
+}

web/src/platform/http_client.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use js_sys::{ArrayBuffer, Uint8Array};
-use maplibre::io::source_client::HTTPClient;
+use maplibre::io::source_client::HttpClient;
 use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
 use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
 use wasm_bindgen_futures::JsFuture;
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl Clone for WHATWGFetchHttpClient {
 }
 
 #[async_trait(?Send)]
-impl HTTPClient for WHATWGFetchHttpClient {
+impl HttpClient for WHATWGFetchHttpClient {
     async fn fetch(&self, url: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
         self.fetch_bytes(url)
             .await

web/src/platform/legacy_webworker_fetcher.rs

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
 use maplibre::coords::TileCoords;
 
 use maplibre::io::scheduler::Scheduler;
-use maplibre::io::shared_thread_state::SharedThreadState;
 
 use maplibre::io::TileRequestID;
+use maplibre::stages::SharedThreadState;
 
 #[wasm_bindgen]
 extern "C" {

web/src/platform/schedule_method.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use web_sys::Worker;
 
 use maplibre::error::Error;
 use maplibre::io::scheduler::ScheduleMethod;
-use maplibre::io::shared_thread_state::SharedThreadState;
 
 use super::pool::WorkerPool;
 
@@ -35,19 +34,17 @@ impl WebWorkerPoolScheduleMethod {
 }
 
 impl ScheduleMethod for WebWorkerPoolScheduleMethod {
-    fn schedule(
+    fn schedule<T>(
         &self,
-        shared_thread_state: SharedThreadState,
-        future_factory: Box<
-            (dyn (FnOnce(SharedThreadState) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + 'static>>)
-                 + Send
-                 + 'static),
-        >,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        future_factory: impl (FnOnce() -> T) + Send + 'static,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error>
+    where
+        T: Future<Output = ()> + 'static,
+    {
         self.pool
             .run(move || {
                 wasm_bindgen_futures::future_to_promise(async move {
-                    future_factory(shared_thread_state).await;
+                    future_factory().await;
                     Ok(JsValue::undefined())
                 })
             })