javascript-algorithms/src/algorithms/string/longest-common-substring/longestCommonSubstring.js

/**
 * @param {string} s1
 * @param {string} s2
 * @return {string}
 */
export default function longestCommonSubstring(s1, s2) {
  // Init the matrix of all substring lengths to use Dynamic Programming approach.
  const substringMatrix = Array(s2.length + 1).fill(null).map(() => {
    return Array(s1.length + 1).fill(null);
  });

  // Fill the first row and first column with zeros to provide initial values.
  for (let columnIndex = 0; columnIndex <= s1.length; columnIndex += 1) {
    substringMatrix[0][columnIndex] = 0;
  }

  for (let rowIndex = 0; rowIndex <= s2.length; rowIndex += 1) {
    substringMatrix[rowIndex][0] = 0;
  }

  // Build the matrix of all substring lengths to use Dynamic Programming approach.
  let longestSubstringLength = 0;
  let longestSubstringColumn = 0;
  let longestSubstringRow = 0;

  for (let rowIndex = 1; rowIndex <= s2.length; rowIndex += 1) {
    for (let columnIndex = 1; columnIndex <= s1.length; columnIndex += 1) {
      if (s1[columnIndex - 1] === s2[rowIndex - 1]) {
        substringMatrix[rowIndex][columnIndex] = substringMatrix[rowIndex - 1][columnIndex - 1] + 1;
      } else {
        substringMatrix[rowIndex][columnIndex] = 0;
      }

      // Try to find the biggest length of all common substring lengths
      // and to memorize its last character position (indices)
      if (substringMatrix[rowIndex][columnIndex] > longestSubstringLength) {
        longestSubstringLength = substringMatrix[rowIndex][columnIndex];
        longestSubstringColumn = columnIndex;
        longestSubstringRow = rowIndex;
      }
    }
  }

  if (longestSubstringLength === 0) {
    // Longest common substring has not been found.
    return '';
  }

  // Detect the longest substring from the matrix.
  let longestSubstring = '';

  while (substringMatrix[longestSubstringRow][longestSubstringColumn] > 0) {
    longestSubstring = s1[longestSubstringColumn - 1] + longestSubstring;
    longestSubstringRow -= 1;
    longestSubstringColumn -= 1;
  }

  return longestSubstring;
}